113992242-Dravidian-Settlements-in-Ceylon-and-the-Beginnings-of-the-Kingdom-of-Jaffna-By-Karthigesu-Indrapala-Complete-Phd-Thesis-University-of-London-1965

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a share in the collection of tolls, taxes and rates 1 and had
the power of declaring certain towns as i-v!ra-paa4as
and Southern Aryv4es They also reserved for themselves the
power to grant trading privileges in certain articles to
individual tradera They were great benefactors of temples to
which they granted part of the tolls and rates collected by theme
The communities associated with the Aiflflh1ruvar
were not all mercantile in character. Many were other occupational
groups which later evolved into castes. Examples of such comnn(ities
are the Paflc3las (the five classes of smiths), K.unibhallkzae
(potters) and the Kauras (barbers) who were among the
eighteen samayas. Even the Valafijiyar and the Nakarattr later
evolved into castes There were also some communities which
were given to martial pursuits, such as the Ei-vras, Muai-vTras,
Ificii'lkz-vTraa, Koñga-vI.as and the Mummuri-daQ4as? Their names
1. E.G., VII, p. 159 of the text; M.E.R. for 1919, No. 9 of
1918-19, Appendix A , No. 216 of 1918 ; M.E.R. for 1912,
No. 377 of 1911.
2. M.E.R. for 1913, No. 3k2 of 1912; E.C., VIII, p. 89 of the text.
3. LE.P. for 1919, Nos. 10 and 11 of 1918-19 Appendix A.
k. M.E.R. for 1912, No. 377 of 1911.
5. The Imperial Gazt.teer of India, XVIII, p. 198.
6. Ibid.
7. See infra,