113992242-Dravidian-Settlements-in-Ceylon-and-the-Beginnings-of-the-Kingdom-of-Jaffna-By-Karthigesu-Indrapala-Complete-Phd-Thesis-University-of-London-1965

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of Jaffna used the lute emblem on their flags at any time.
Gnaxiapragasar has drawn our attention to the reference in the
Kal11I1rpttn-para4i to the v!;ai ( £kt. v1 - lute or lyre)
flag which was among the many flags that were lowered by the
Cae when their tiger flag was raised everywhere Guanapragasar
has posed the question whether this would mean that the lute
emblem was used oi the flags of the Jaffna rulers in the eleventh
century, since we do not know of any other Indian dynasty
having used that flag As there is no evidence that an independent
kingdom existed in Jaffna in the eleventh century, it is not
possible to suggest that the lute flag was that of the Jaffna
rulers. But there is iinm1takable epigraphic evidence that points
1. ICalikattu-para4i, v. 18, p. 25 ;
al ffii kalai yIli vai cilai
Keai e!Jaiya pal koi
a M!ruvil uyartta Cempiyar
i pu].i koi ta1a{1dv.
The single tiger flag of the Cempiyar (Cas) that is planted.
on the )Zru rises high, as the boar, plough, deer, lion, lute,
bow and fish flags and others are lowered.
(Boar - Cllukyas, plough - fldavaa, deer - Pilas, lion - Zinhalese,
bow - Clrae nd fish - PIyas).
2. S.Gnanapragasar, ppa-vaipava-vimarcap, p. 50.