113992242-Dravidian-Settlements-in-Ceylon-and-the-Beginnings-of-the-Kingdom-of-Jaffna-By-Karthigesu-Indrapala-Complete-Phd-Thesis-University-of-London-1965

534
clearly inform us that the couchant bull (nandi) was the emblem
of the Jaffna rulersand since it is reasonable to presume that
)gha and his associates, who seem to have founded the kingdom,
introduced the emblem of their home-land, we may conclude that
the main emblem of the Jaffna. kingdom was the couchant bu1l The
lute flag may also have been used as one of the minor banners
of the kingdom.
The exact li'n4t* of the Jaffna kingdom are somewhat
difficult to determine with the evidence at our disposal. It is
only in the time of the Portuguese occupation that we get proper
information of the boundaries of the various kingdoms. A valuable
description of the territories of the Jaffna kingdom is given
by dc Queyroz:-
The modest kingdom is not confined to the little
district of Jafanapata, because to it are also added
the neighbouring lands, and those of the Vani tVanni]
which is said. to be the name of the Lordship which they
held before we obtained possession of them, separated from
the preceeding (ale) by a salty river, and connected only
in the extremiby or isthmus of Pachalapali accilai-p4aJ ,
within which were the lands of Balig&mo Tai Ucmam1,
Temerache e-marcci) , Bedamrache aa-marccj) ,
and Pachalapalt }accilai-p4a for ing that pe4nsula,
and outside it there stretch the lands of the Vani
crosswise, from the side of Manar to that of Triquilem.].
rincomaleeJ , being sepaated also from the country of
Nantta nt5ffam or Nahtittha] in the jurisdiction of
the Captain of Nanr MaIr by the river Paragali;
1. See supra,