113992242-Dravidian-Settlements-in-Ceylon-and-the-Beginnings-of-the-Kingdom-of-Jaffna-By-Karthigesu-Indrapala-Complete-Phd-Thesis-University-of-London-1965

From the foregoing analysis it becomes clear that
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the settlements of the thirteenth century mark the most important
stage in the course of the early Dravidian settlements in Ceylon.
From the beginning of this century for nearly dtoadee decades
a quick succession of foreign invasions, which brought into the
island fresh mercenary forceB, led to the establishment of new
Dravidian settlements. The nature of the invasions and of the
settlements that followed was in many ways different from that
of earlier invasions and settlements. While the earlier invasions,
including even the Ca invasion of 1017, could be treated as
episodes in the history of the island, the invasions of ?gha,
Chandrabhnu and the P4yas in the thirteenth century cannot
be dismissed as mere episodes. The settlements of th. earlier
periods, though not quite unimpressive, did not result in the
visible dislodgement of the Sinhalese population from any area.
As far as we can see, those were not the result of forcible
occupation of the lands of the Sinhalese. Those early settlers
may have become assimilated to the Sinhalese population in due
course. But it was the events of the thirteenth century that
prevented such an assimilation in the greater part of northern
and eastern Ceylon. The invasion of gha with the help of Ker4a
and Tami]. mercenaries was far more violent than the earlier
invasions. Its chief importance lies in the fact that it led
to the permanent dislodgement of Sinhalese power from northern