2005 - 2006 - Pinsent Masons Water Yearbook 2012

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FRANCE PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Water billings in 2001 were €10 billion: Local authority collection 46% Private sector collection 25% Water agencies 12% Government 7% One of the problems is that the ‘polluter pays’ principle applies more to domestic customers than to other categories. In 1998, agriculture generated a BOD load of 254million PE while financing 2% of sewerage expenditure and accounted for 80% of water demand while paying 1% of the national supply bill. The Agences des Basins are failing to levy appropriate charges to agriculture and industry. As a result, they have been steadily increasing their fees to domestic customers (up 22.7% per annum on average between 1988 and 1994) to make up for this shortfall. Market structure Companies have a portfolio of local contracts, traditionally managed on a regional basis. Privatisation has been taking place alongside the evolution and expansion of water and wastewater services. Since the late 1930s, privatisation has generally expanded by 1% per annum. There are three leading private sector companies with 13,000 contracts, and the public sector, which addresses some 23,000 municipal contracts. The private sector accounts for 78% of the population, including the great majority of the urban population with an average population served of 3,600 people per contract. The public sector serves the remaining 22% of the population, mainly in rural areas, with an average population served of 565 people per contract. Freshwater Total (1998, km 3 ) 180.0 Per capita (1998,m 3 ) 3,065 Withdrawals (1990, km 3 ) 37.7 For domestic use (1987) 16% For industry (1987) 69% For agriculture (1987) 15% Privatisation Private sector involvement started in 1853 with the founding of Cie. Generale des Eaux (VE), followed by Eaux de Banlieue in 1867 and Lyonnaise des Eaux (Suez) in 1880. By 1933, there were eight major private sector players in France, along with a number of smaller regional concerns serving 17% of the population. PSP rose to 31% in 1954, 44% in 1968 and 69% by 1986. In 1980, there were 50 private sector companies, many of them under the wings of VE and Suez. By 1990, five significant private sector entities remained. One new competitor (Ruas) has recently emerged, but this remains a local company. With the acquisition of SDEI by Suez in 1991 and CISE by Bouygues (SAUR’s then parent company) in 1997, there were only three major private sector players left, serving some 78% of the population. Population served by management regime Million Municipally run Delegated Overall 1998 2001 1998 2001 1998 2001 Drinking water supply Single municipality 8.6 7.6 16.5 15.4 25.0 23.0 Group of municipalities 10.0 10.0 25.0 27.1 35.0 37.1 Overall 18.6 17.6 41.5 42.5 60.0 60.0 Waste water treatment Single municipality 11.3 9.8 11.8 10.4 23.1 20.2 Group of municipalities 14.6 16.3 18.3 19.9 32.9 36.1 Overall 25.8 26.1 30.1 30.3 55.9 56.4 Source: Institut Française de l’Environnement, in collaboration with the statisticians of the Service Centrale des Enquetes et Etudes Statistiques, 2004. 91 Pinsent Masons Water Yearbook 2005 – 2006
FRANCE PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Since 1990, privatisation of sewerage services has grown appreciably faster than for water since new sewerage schemes are usually only initiated when the contract is given to the private sector. Private sector market share is being gained more rapidly for sewerage contracts than for water. For example, VE served 19.8 million people for water and 6.9 million for sewerage in 1980, while Suez provided water for 14 million and sewerage services for 6 million in 1994. Groundwater Total recharge (1998, km 3 ) 100.0 Per capita (1998, m 3 ) 1,703 Withdrawals (1990, km 3 ) 6.2 For domestic use (
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Copyright © Pinsent Masons 2005 Pu
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£2bn was achieved by increased eff
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Dr David Lloyd Owen iv DR DAVID OWE
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PINSENT MASONS WATER SECTOR GROUP F
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viii CONTENTS DENMARK..............
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x CONTENTS FRANCE BOUYGUES ........
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Introduction A new direction for th
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…while the real cost of conflict
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How to use this book xv HOW TO USE
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Russian Utility Systems (Russia) Re
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Whither Africa? 2 PART 1: 2005-2006
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Framework for Action Annual Investm
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6 PART 1: 2005-2006 OVERVIEW most b
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PART 1: 2005-2006 OVERVIEW and find
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Responding to these challenges 10 P
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Identified private sector projects,
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Three new companies noted 14 PART 1
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Indicative estimates of the size of
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Desalination 18 PART 1: 2005-2006 O
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PART 1: 2005-2006 OVERVIEW apprecia
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22 PART 1: 2005-2006 OVERVIEW Water
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[2] Casablanca - block tariffs and
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[4] Argentina: Serving the Salta Pr
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[6] Connecting a squatter settlemen
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Companies Active In, Entering and L
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Number of People Served by Country
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How Many People are Served by the P
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PART 1: 2005-2006 OVERVIEW Company
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PART 1: 2005-2006 OVERVIEW privatis
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Country Market Development, Prospec
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Page 65 and 66: National and International Players
Page 67 and 68: PART 1: 2005-2006 OVERVIEW Company
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Page 73 and 74: ALBANIA PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Al
Page 75 and 76: ALGERIA PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Al
Page 77 and 78: ARMENIA PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Ar
Page 79 and 80: AUSTRIA PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Th
Page 81 and 82: AZERBAIJAN PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS
Page 83 and 84: BELGIUM PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Be
Page 85 and 86: BELGIUM PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Fo
Page 87 and 88: BULGARIA PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS t
Page 89 and 90: BURKINA FASO PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYS
Page 91 and 92: CAMEROON PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS M
Page 93 and 94: CHAD PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Chad
Page 95 and 96: REPUBLIC OF CONGO PART 2: COUNTRY A
Page 97 and 98: COTE D'IVOIRE PART 2: COUNTRY ANALY
Page 99 and 100: CROATIA PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Ur
Page 101 and 102: CZECH REPUBLIC PART 2: COUNTRY ANAL
Page 103 and 104: CZECH REPUBLIC PART 2: COUNTRY ANAL
Page 105 and 106: EGYPT PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Egyp
Page 107 and 108: EGYPT PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Fres
Page 109 and 110: ESTONIA PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Es
Page 111 and 112: ETHIOPIA PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS E
Page 113: FRANCE PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Fra
Page 117 and 118: GABON PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Gabo
Page 119 and 120: GERMANY PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Ge
Page 121 and 122: GERMANY PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS In
Page 123 and 124: GERMANY PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Pr
Page 125 and 126: GREECE PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Gre
Page 127 and 128: GREECE PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Flo
Page 129 and 130: GUINEA PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Fre
Page 131 and 132: HUNGARY PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Hu
Page 133 and 134: HUNGARY PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Pr
Page 135 and 136: IRAQ PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Iraq
Page 137 and 138: IRELAND PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Ir
Page 139 and 140: IRELAND PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Gr
Page 141 and 142: ISRAEL - PALESTINE PART 2: COUNTRY
Page 143 and 144: ISRAEL - PALESTINE PART 2: COUNTRY
Page 145 and 146: ITALY PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS and
Page 147 and 148: ITALY PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Priv
Page 149 and 150: JORDAN PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Jor
Page 151 and 152: KENYA PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Keny
Page 153 and 154: KENYA PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Oper
Page 155 and 156: KUWAIT PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS MAJ
Page 157 and 158: LEBANON PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Le
Page 159 and 160: LESOTHO PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS wa
Page 161 and 162: LITHUANIA PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS
Page 163 and 164: MALI PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Mali
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MOROCCO PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Fr
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MOZAMBIQUE PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS
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MOZAMBIQUE PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS
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THE NETHERLANDS PART 2: COUNTRY ANA
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THE NETHERLANDS PART 2: COUNTRY ANA
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NIGERIA PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Ni
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NIGERIA PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS (L
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NORWAY PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS spa
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POLAND PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Pol
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POLAND PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Pri
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PORTUGAL PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS P
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PORTUGAL PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS G
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ROMANIA PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Ro
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ROMANIA PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Pr
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THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION PART 2: COUN
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THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION PART 2: COUN
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SAUDI ARABIA PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYS
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SENEGAL PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Se
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SLOVAKIA PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS S
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SLOVENIA PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS S
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SOUTH AFRICA PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYS
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SOUTH AFRICA PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYS
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SPAIN PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Spai
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SPAIN PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Fres
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SWEDEN PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Swe
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SWITZERLAND PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSI
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TANZANIA PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS R
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TUNISIA PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Pr
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TURKEY PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Izm
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UGANDA PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Ref
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UKRAINE PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Uk
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UNITED ARAB EMIRATES PART 2: COUNTR
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UNITED KINGDOM PART 2: COUNTRY ANAL
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ZAMBIA PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Zam
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FRANCE PART 3 (i): COMPANY ANALYSIS
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GERMANY PART 3 (i): COMPANY ANALYSI
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ITALY PART 3 (i): COMPANY AN/ALYSIS
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ITALY PART 3 (i): COMPANY AN/ALYSIS
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SPAIN PART 3 (i): COMPANY ANALYSIS:
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SPAIN PART 3 (i): COMPANY ANALYSIS:
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THE NETHERLANDS PART 3 (i): COMPANY
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UNITED KINGDOM PART 3 (i): COMPANY
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AUSTRIA PART 3 (ii): COMPANY ANALYS
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BELGIUM PART 3 (ii): COMPANY ANALYS
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ESTONIA PART 3 (ii): COMPANY ANALYS
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FRANCE PART 3 (ii): COMPANY ANALYSI
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GERMANY PART 3 (ii): COMPANY ANALYS
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GREECE PART 3 (ii): COMPANY ANALYSI
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ITALY PART 3 (ii): COMPANY ANALYSIS
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SAUDI ARABIA PART 3 (ii): COMPANY A
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SAUDI ARABIA PART 3 (ii): COMPANY A
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SPAIN PART 3 (ii): COMPANY ANALYSIS
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UNITED KINGDOM PART 3 (ii): COMPANY
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PHILIPPINES PART 3 (iii): COMPANY A
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Part 4: Appendix 1 The water cycle
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PART 4: APPENDIX 1: THE WATER CYCLE
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PART 4: APPENDIX 1: THE WATER CYCLE
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370 Pinsent Masons Water Yearbook 2
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372 Pinsent Masons Water Yearbook 2
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Private Sector Participation Types
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PART 4: APPENDIX 2: PRIVATE SECTOR
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Water and power contracts compared
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The private sector’s role PART 4:
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Part 4: Appendix 3 The Private Sect
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PART 4: APPENDIX 3: THE PRIVATE SEC
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PART 4: APPENDIX 3: THE PRIVATE SEC
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Part 4: Appendix 4 Glossary Of Wate
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PART 4: APPENDIX 4: GLOSSARY OF WAT
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References And Further Reading PART
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PART 4: APPENDIX 5: REFERENCES AND
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