2005 - 2006 - Pinsent Masons Water Yearbook 2012

TANZANIA PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS
Rural scarcity remains the norm
Much of Tanzania is characterised by extreme aridity and the need for water for basic agricultural
development. The country has been largely dependent on international finance and aid agencies. For
example, between 1983 and 1994, WaterAid, the UK water and sanitation charity provided potable
water supply infrastructure to approximately 630,000 people. It is of interest to note that WaterAid
found that villagers were willing to exchange 10-15% of their household cash income for water from
these projects.
Freshwater
Annual availability (1998) 80.0km 3
Per capita 2,770m 3
Annual withdrawal (1998) 1.2km 3
Domestic 9%
Industrial 2%
Agriculture 89%
New approaches to rural needs
In 1999, it was announced that after a series of field trials, WorldWater Corp. of the USA was to
provide up to US$30 million of solar water pumps to the Tanzanian Ministry of Water and the Drilling
and Dam Construction Agency. These pumps have a capacity of 5-2,000 gallons per minute and can
be used for potable water and irrigation in rural areas.
Groundwater
Annual availability (1998) 30.0km 3
Per capita 932m 3
MAJOR CITIES
City 2000 2015 Status
Dar es Salaam 2,115,000 4,080,000 City Water contract terminated
Urban services were privatised…
The Government’s divestiture programme in 1993, concentrated on the privatisation of commercial
enterprises, the majority of which were planned for completion during the first five year period. By
1998, the Government's privatisation programme had resulted in the sale of nearly half of the state
owned enterprises. In June 1996, policies affecting the National Urban Water Authority (NUWA)/Dar
es Salaam Water and Sewerage Authority (DAWASA) were changed to encourage cost recovery and
the Dar es Salaam Water and Sewerage Authority (Dawasa) Act, was enacted in 2003 as part of the
Government's economic liberalisation programme to enable PSP. In consequence, the Parastatal
Sector Reform Commission (PSRC) awarded a 10 year O&M contract for the water and sewerage
services in Dar es Salaam to the Cascal led City Water.
…for a while
City Water, a joint venture of Biwater International (UK), Gauff Ingenieure (Germany) and Superdoll
Trailer Manufacturers Ltd. (Tanzania), began operations on 1 August 2003. On 13 th May 2005, the
contract was cancelled by the Government. Tanzania has made a series of allegations against City
Water, which in turn believes it has a case against the Tanzanian Government for alleged breach of
contract. They believe that water quality and quantity had improved and that 10,000 new customers
had been gained in the previous two months. Although City Water admits works were behind
schedule, it said it had offered to invest a further US$5 million in 2006. The government's maintains
that its goal is to create an environment where all stakeholders, public and private, work together in
the sector and in spite of the setback with City Water, the Government will continue to look to the
private sector.
Private sector company operations (Please see the relevant company entry for details)
Company Parent company (country)
Population served
Water Sewerage Total
Cascal Biwater (UK)/Nuon (Netherlands) 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000
194 Pinsent Masons Water Yearbook 2005 – 2006