2005 - 2006 - Pinsent Masons Water Yearbook 2012

TURKEY PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS
Turkey
Economics (2003)
GDP per capita US$2,800
GDP per capita (PPP) US$6,710
Agriculture 13%
Industry 22%
Services 65%
Population
Total (2003, million) 70.7
Total (2015, million) 81.2
In urban areas (2003) 67%
In urban areas (2015) 72%
In urban agglomerations (2015) 30%
Water shortages in recent years have become a widespread problem that has been exacerbated by
rapid urbanisation.
Privatisation
Turkey was one of the pioneers in the use of BOT contracts in the developing economies during the
early 1980s. There is a high level of public support for privatisation, but political opposition and legal
problems remain. Turkish courts are responsible for the operation of BOT concessions whereby the
courts have to clear each project and all objections to them. This makes life difficult for international
finance, whereby some form of independent international arbitration would be more attractive. It is
widely expected that water privatisations will take place in the medium term. In this sense, Izmit (bulk
water provision) and Antalya (O&M, water and sewerage) are groundbreaking contracts.
Urban services
Safe drinking water 91%
Access to sewerage 84%
% Sewage treated 5%
Sewerage and sewage treatment
1985 1990 1995 1998 2002
Tertiary 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Secondary 0% 1% 4% 8% 8%
Primary 0% 7% 9% 9% 9%
Sewerage only N/A N/A 50% N/A 83%
Not connected N/A N/A 38% N/A 0%
International players noted
Suez and Thames Water have a major presence in the country, while United Utilities/Bechtel and
SAUR were involved in the bidding for Antalya.
Spending plans
The Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration (ISKI) allocated US$450 million for infrastructure
projects in 2003, with an emphasis on sewerage and sewage treatment.
Freshwater
Total (1998, km 3 ) 196.0
Per capita (1998, m 3 ) 3,074
Withdrawals (1993, km 3 ) 35.5
For domestic use (1992) 16%
For industry (1992) 11%
For agriculture (1992) 73%
197 Pinsent Masons Water Yearbook 2005 – 2006