2005 - 2006 - Pinsent Masons Water Yearbook 2012

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… while costs depend on what you put in 19 PART 1: 2005-2006 OVERVIEW The purer the feed water, the less work needs to be carried out and the cheaper the process is. Feed water US$/m³ Seawater 0.73 – 1.17 Municipal wastewater 0.58 – 1.07 Brackish surface water 0.29 – 0.68 Likewise, through combining a power plant’s outlet with the desalination plant’s inlet, construction costs for the latter can be reduced by 5-20%. This highlights both how sensitive desalination costs are to construction costs and the role that project management can play in optimising such expenses. Brackish water (groundwater that has saline contamination or water from tidal rivers) is the cheapest resource, but it has limited potential in terms of offering the suitable feed stock close to a demand base. Reclaiming municipal wastewater is an increasingly important approach of ‘closing’ the water cycle by minimising water wastage and minimising the environmental impact of sewage. Most business consists of plants that use seawater and that will continue to be the case for some time. Desalination capacity – by input water: Sea water 58% Brackish water 23% River water 8% Waste water 5% Pure water 5% Other 1% Macro drivers are compelling Climate change is making increasing demands on scarce water resources and increasing the costs of conventional means of bulk water abstraction, treatment and distribution. For example, in 2004, the Spanish Government has scrapped plans for a North-South water diversion project in favour of increasing desalination capacity. Deteriorating ground and river water quality is also a factor in developing economies where major cities are close to sea and brackish water sources and population growth is being spurred by urbanisation. With lower costs, capacity has jumped ahead Desalination capacity, 1970-2003: Million m³ per day Contracted In operation 1970 1.5 1.5 1980 8.0 8.0 1990 15.5 14.0 2000 29.0 21.5 2003 37.5 27.5 Many of the facilities built in the 1960s have been scrapped as they have fallen into disrepair or have become economically unviable. Some 17,000 plants worldwide are in operation at 12,500 sites. Most of the water is produced by 3,000 plants with a capacity in excess of 100m³ per day. Reverse osmosis is becoming the norm outside the Middle East… Outside the Middle East, reverse osmosis using membrane technology is set to dominate the market. In 1990, 60% of installed capacity was thermal, by 2001 53% was membrane based. This trend is accelerating as new plant is developed globally and even the Gulf states start Pinsent Masons Water Yearbook 2005-2006
PART 1: 2005-2006 OVERVIEW appreciating the cost advantages of RO. In 2002-03, RO accounted for 75% of the 4.8 million m³ per day in new capacity. The table below compares the two technologies. Thermal (MSF) Membrane (RO) Water quality Very good (
Page 1: Copyright © Pinsent Masons 2005 Pu
Page 4 and 5: £2bn was achieved by increased eff
Page 6 and 7: Dr David Lloyd Owen iv DR DAVID OWE
Page 8 and 9: PINSENT MASONS WATER SECTOR GROUP F
Page 10 and 11: viii CONTENTS DENMARK..............
Page 12 and 13: x CONTENTS FRANCE BOUYGUES ........
Page 14 and 15: Introduction A new direction for th
Page 16 and 17: …while the real cost of conflict
Page 18 and 19: How to use this book xv HOW TO USE
Page 20 and 21: Russian Utility Systems (Russia) Re
Page 23 and 24: Whither Africa? 2 PART 1: 2005-2006
Page 25 and 26: Framework for Action Annual Investm
Page 27 and 28: 6 PART 1: 2005-2006 OVERVIEW most b
Page 29 and 30: PART 1: 2005-2006 OVERVIEW and find
Page 31 and 32: Responding to these challenges 10 P
Page 33 and 34: Identified private sector projects,
Page 35 and 36: Three new companies noted 14 PART 1
Page 37 and 38: Indicative estimates of the size of
Page 39: Desalination 18 PART 1: 2005-2006 O
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Page 47 and 48: [4] Argentina: Serving the Salta Pr
Page 49 and 50: [6] Connecting a squatter settlemen
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Page 53 and 54: Number of People Served by Country
Page 55 and 56: How Many People are Served by the P
Page 57 and 58: PART 1: 2005-2006 OVERVIEW Company
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Page 61 and 62: Country Market Development, Prospec
Page 63 and 64: 42 PART 1: 2005-2006 OVERVIEW The A
Page 65 and 66: National and International Players
Page 67 and 68: PART 1: 2005-2006 OVERVIEW Company
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Page 75 and 76: ALGERIA PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Al
Page 77 and 78: ARMENIA PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Ar
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Page 81 and 82: AZERBAIJAN PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS
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Page 89 and 90: BURKINA FASO PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYS
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CAMEROON PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS M
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CHAD PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Chad
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REPUBLIC OF CONGO PART 2: COUNTRY A
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COTE D'IVOIRE PART 2: COUNTRY ANALY
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CROATIA PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Ur
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CZECH REPUBLIC PART 2: COUNTRY ANAL
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CZECH REPUBLIC PART 2: COUNTRY ANAL
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EGYPT PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Egyp
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EGYPT PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Fres
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ESTONIA PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Es
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ETHIOPIA PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS E
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FRANCE PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Fra
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FRANCE PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Sin
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GABON PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Gabo
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GERMANY PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Ge
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GERMANY PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS In
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GERMANY PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Pr
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GREECE PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Gre
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GREECE PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Flo
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GUINEA PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Fre
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HUNGARY PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Hu
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HUNGARY PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Pr
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IRAQ PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Iraq
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IRELAND PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Ir
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IRELAND PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Gr
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ISRAEL - PALESTINE PART 2: COUNTRY
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ISRAEL - PALESTINE PART 2: COUNTRY
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ITALY PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS and
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ITALY PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Priv
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JORDAN PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Jor
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KENYA PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Keny
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KENYA PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Oper
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KUWAIT PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS MAJ
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LEBANON PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Le
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LESOTHO PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS wa
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LITHUANIA PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS
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MALI PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Mali
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MOROCCO PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Fr
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MOZAMBIQUE PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS
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MOZAMBIQUE PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS
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THE NETHERLANDS PART 2: COUNTRY ANA
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THE NETHERLANDS PART 2: COUNTRY ANA
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NIGERIA PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Ni
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NIGERIA PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS (L
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NORWAY PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS spa
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POLAND PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Pol
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POLAND PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Pri
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PORTUGAL PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS P
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PORTUGAL PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS G
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ROMANIA PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Ro
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ROMANIA PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Pr
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THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION PART 2: COUN
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THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION PART 2: COUN
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SAUDI ARABIA PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYS
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SENEGAL PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Se
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SLOVAKIA PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS S
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SLOVENIA PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS S
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SOUTH AFRICA PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYS
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SOUTH AFRICA PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYS
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SPAIN PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Spai
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SPAIN PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Fres
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SWEDEN PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Swe
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SWITZERLAND PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSI
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TANZANIA PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS R
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TUNISIA PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Pr
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TURKEY PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Izm
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UGANDA PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Ref
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UKRAINE PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Uk
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UNITED ARAB EMIRATES PART 2: COUNTR
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UNITED KINGDOM PART 2: COUNTRY ANAL
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ZAMBIA PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS Zam
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FRANCE PART 3 (i): COMPANY ANALYSIS
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GERMANY PART 3 (i): COMPANY ANALYSI
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ITALY PART 3 (i): COMPANY AN/ALYSIS
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ITALY PART 3 (i): COMPANY AN/ALYSIS
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SPAIN PART 3 (i): COMPANY ANALYSIS:
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SPAIN PART 3 (i): COMPANY ANALYSIS:
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THE NETHERLANDS PART 3 (i): COMPANY
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UNITED KINGDOM PART 3 (i): COMPANY
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AUSTRIA PART 3 (ii): COMPANY ANALYS
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BELGIUM PART 3 (ii): COMPANY ANALYS
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ESTONIA PART 3 (ii): COMPANY ANALYS
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FRANCE PART 3 (ii): COMPANY ANALYSI
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GERMANY PART 3 (ii): COMPANY ANALYS
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GREECE PART 3 (ii): COMPANY ANALYSI
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ITALY PART 3 (ii): COMPANY ANALYSIS
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SAUDI ARABIA PART 3 (ii): COMPANY A
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SAUDI ARABIA PART 3 (ii): COMPANY A
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SPAIN PART 3 (ii): COMPANY ANALYSIS
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UNITED KINGDOM PART 3 (ii): COMPANY
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PHILIPPINES PART 3 (iii): COMPANY A
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Part 4: Appendix 1 The water cycle
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PART 4: APPENDIX 1: THE WATER CYCLE
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PART 4: APPENDIX 1: THE WATER CYCLE
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370 Pinsent Masons Water Yearbook 2
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372 Pinsent Masons Water Yearbook 2
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Private Sector Participation Types
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PART 4: APPENDIX 2: PRIVATE SECTOR
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Water and power contracts compared
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The private sector’s role PART 4:
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Part 4: Appendix 3 The Private Sect
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PART 4: APPENDIX 3: THE PRIVATE SEC
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PART 4: APPENDIX 3: THE PRIVATE SEC
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Part 4: Appendix 4 Glossary Of Wate
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PART 4: APPENDIX 4: GLOSSARY OF WAT
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References And Further Reading PART
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PART 4: APPENDIX 5: REFERENCES AND
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