2005 - 2006 - Pinsent Masons Water Yearbook 2012

TANZANIA PART 2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS
Tanzania
Economics (2003)
GDP per capita US$300
GDP per capita (PPP) US$620
GDP in Agriculture 45%
GDP in Industry 16%
GDP in Services 39%
Good intentions, flawed outcomes
The 20 year plan established in 1971 to bring universal access (within 400 meters) to water has not
been a success. Indeed, some 30% of rural schemes put in place by 2003 were not fully functional
due to poor staff training. According to Water Aid, households in towns and cities are spending more
time fetching water than they did in the mid 1990s, indicating that population growth and urbanisation
is outstripping infrastructure development.
Access to water services 1986 2003
Urban access 65% 73%
Rural access 42% 53%
In July 2002, the Cabinet approved a revised National Water Policy (NAWAPO), based upon universal
water and sanitation access by 2025. In 2005, the Government launched a 10 year water plan to
halve the number of people who do not have access to improved water supplies, currently 14 million,
39% of the population. This will cost US$1 billion for capital spending, including a project to draw
water from Lake Victoria at a cost of US$178 million to supply the regions of Mwanza and Shinyanga.
Germany and the European Union are currently providing US$51 million to provide safe drinking water
to one million water users in Mwanza, Iringa and Mbeya.
Population
2003 (million) 35.9
2015 (million) 43.9
Urbanisation in 2003 35%
Urbanisation by 2015 47%
In urban agglomerations, 2015 18%
Services in Dar es Salaam
In 1993, only 22% of households in Dar es Salaam were connected to piped water and 6% had
sewerage services. In 1999, Dar es Salaam got a US$117 million loan from the World Bank for the
installation of 100,000 water meters as a first phase towards a water demand management and
distribution loss identification strategy. The city has 35-40% distribution losses and provides 272.8
million litres of water per day, against a demand for 409.2 million litres per day in 2003. Vended water
costs 12 Tanzanian shillings a litre or US$12.0per m 3 , while the middle classes use tankered water,
paying US$60 per 10m 3 tanker load.
Dar es Salaam has the oldest sewage system in the country. Approximately 35% of the city’s sewage
was treated and with 98,000 connections, only 20% of Dar es Salaam's three million inhabitants have
a sewerage connection. 27% of the population who live in high density urban sectors use pit latrines
which are typically in a poor state of repair. The majority of the waste collected in the sewage system
is channelled to an ocean outfall without treatment. The Government has attempted to treat part of
the waste through waste stabilisation ponds. Nine of these ponds have been set up in Dar es Salaam
and several others in small municipalities. The ponds are capable of removing up to 70% of the BOD,
leaving the water with a reasonable dissolved oxygen level. These are at best an interim measure,
but better than no treatment.
Urban data
Served by piped water 73%
Access to sewerage 97%
193 Pinsent Masons Water Yearbook 2005 – 2006