2005 - 2006 - Pinsent Masons Water Yearbook 2012

PART 4: APPENDIX 1: THE WATER CYCLE AND WATER SERVICES
% population increase
Developed Undeveloped
1975-200 2000-2015 1975-200 2000-2015
10 million or more 2.4% 0.3% 9.5% 11.1%
5 million to 10 million -1.7% 0.6% 5.3% 8.8%
1 million to 5 million 5.4% 2.6% 20.6% 25.7%
500,000 to 1 million 0.7% -0.3% 7.9% 6.7%
Fewer than 500,000 5.7% 2.4% 44.2% 42.0%
There are 14 discrete areas where more than 10 million people live in close proximity and water
shortages and sanitation problems are one of the central constraints to their development. Over
the next 25 years, at least 12 more such areas will exist, none of which currently have adequate
water or sewerage infrastructures. At the same time, water use is set to rise by 40% by 2020,
with 40% more water being needed for food and 20-70% more for industrial and municipal
demand.
People living in areas of water stress and scarcity (million people)
Million people
1995 2025
Countries People affected Countries People affected
Water stress 24 460.0 48 2,849.5
Water scarcity 18 166.5 29 803.7
A slum future?
In 2001, 926 million people, or 31.6% of the world’s urban population lived in slum areas. 43%
of the urban population of less developed economies live in slum areas, compared with 6% in
developed economies. The UN (‘The Challenge of Slums’ 2003) anticipates this figure rising to
2 billion by 2033 and 3.5 billion by 2050.
Percentage of urban population living in slums, 2001
Sub-Saharan Africa 71.9%
South-central Asia 58.0%
East Asia 36.4%
Western Asia 33.1%
Latin America & Caribbean 31.9%
North Africa for 28.2%
Southeast Asia 28.0%
Oceania 24.1%
Access to safe water and sanitation
According to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the number of people
without access to safe drinking water will rise from 1.4 billion in 1999 to 2.3 billion by 2025, in
the absence of accelerated capital spending programmes. Approximately 2.6 billion people
currently do not have adequate access to suitable sanitation. In consequence, some 60,000
people die every day due to waterborne diseases.
Percentage without access to improved water supply and sanitation within regions, 2000:
Water Sanitation
Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total
Sub-Saharan Africa 17 56 43 27 57 47
Middle East/North Africa 5 23 13 7 30 17
South Asia 6 20 15 33 78 66
East Asia/Pacific 7 33 24 27 65 52
Latin America & Caribbean 6 34 14 14 48 23
CEE/CIS & Baltic States 5 18 9 3 19 9
Industrialized Countries 0 0 0 0 0 0
367 Pinsent Masons Water Yearbook 2005-2006