Language of the Voiceless: Traces of Taino Language, Food, and Culture in the Americas From 1492 to the Present

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P a g e | 107 parts” referring to the way this fruit was named in the Caribbean he had recently left. Furthermore, it is important to note that they use mamey in Honduras also, doubtless because of the black Carib populations on the North Coast. Number of mentions of the word mamey in The True History of the Conquest of New Spain including the cross reference of the three manuscripts: 1 mamey: Other Primary Sources mentions of the possible Taino origin of the word a)— Christopher Columbus’ journal of the first voyager or Diario de Abordo: Estas tierras son muy fértiles: ellos las tienen llenas de mames que son como zanahorias, que tienen sabor de castañas 151 . The above quote is the earliest mention of the lexicalization of the word mameys in all the chronicles of the New World. In the text Columbus describes the fruit as “a type of sweet carrot that tasted like chestnut”. With this mention, Columbus places the word mamey in the pre-mainland linguistic context. b)— In Fernandez de Oviedo’s Historia general y natural de las Indias: Mamey es uno de los más hermosos árboles que puede haber en el mundo […] hay muchos dellos por todas estas indias […] En Nicaragua llaman los indios al mamey çapot, é á otra fructa que allí hay que los cristianos llaman nísperos, llaman los indios de Nicaragua munonçapot 152 . 151 (Colombus, 1493, p. 24) 152 (Fernandez de Oviedo, Historia general y natural de las Indias, Islas y Tierra-Firme del Mar , 1853)
P a g e | 108 The quote above is from Oviedo’s General and Natural History of the Indies. In this book, he dedicates a whole chapter to the word mamey and further places this term in the Taino linguistic and cultural context. However, this quote is of extreme importance because it illustrates a pre-Columbian middle linguistic region in Central America, possibly shared by Nahuatl-Arawak groups that used and interchanged words that belonged to both languages. By describing that the “Indians of Nicaragua called the term munonsapot”, a word that contains both, the Taino—Arawak and Nahuatl terms, Oviedo is unknowingly placing both term as synonyms that pre-Columbian people, at least in this region of Central America, already used interchangeably. Chapter XXXIII, page 105 […] fuimos por unas sabanas grandes adonde habían dado guerra a Francisco de Lugo y a Pedro de Alvarado; y llamábase aquella sabana y pueblo Sintla, subjeto al mismo Tabasco. The next word in the sequence of our research is sabana > ‘savannah’. This word, often used to describe a prairie, a plain or a grassland seems to have had a slightly different connotation in its Taino phonology and topography. It is possible, that given the geographical differences between the Caribbean and the mainland, the term was used by the Taino to denotate a ‘planted extension of land’. For example, if we analyze the prefix and suffix of this word, which given the Spanish lexicalization, could have sounded like xÇa > ‘planted’ + bana > ‘extension of land’, the Taino connotation to the term could refer to an extension of land that was not barren. This is said, because the prefix is found in the surviving word, Saona e.g. xÇa > ‘planted’ + o > ‘under’ + na > ‘little extension’ = ‘planted little under thicket’. What is remarkable, is that in the
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Language of the Voiceless: Traces o
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P a g e | 2 CHAPTER I | AN INTRODUC
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P a g e | 4 European languages such
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P a g e | 6 first time the language
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P a g e | 8 to describe constrictor
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P a g e | 10 Hammock: The Spanish c
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P a g e | 12 the world and later br
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P a g e | 14 Once again, these word
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P a g e | 16 V Research Limitations
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P a g e | 18 cigar made out of the
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P a g e | 20 in the surviving cousi
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P a g e | 22 Pic.4 Hoyo de Sanabe C
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P a g e | 24 Higüera es árbol gra
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P a g e | 26 y los otros de allá a
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P a g e | 28 porque nacan quiere de
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P a g e | 30 of the mainland such a
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P a g e | 32 describe the name of t
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P a g e | 34 […] el gobernador de
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P a g e | 36 […] nos habíamos de
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P a g e | 38 island of the guano of
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P a g e | 40 significance because i
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P a g e | 42 paragraph, de Las Casa
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P a g e | 44 23, 1533 were the enco
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P a g e | 46 certain familiarity an
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P a g e | 48 ‘hanging’ and atab
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P a g e | 50 the different Arawak l
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P a g e | 52 a)—Mentions in a 151
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P a g e | 54 Diaz del Castillo in 1
Page 57 and 58: P a g e | 56 Y una mañana, que fue
Page 59 and 60: P a g e | 58 ‘not’ + guayacan >
Page 61 and 62: P a g e | 60 The above quote and il
Page 63 and 64: P a g e | 62 words did not make it
Page 65 and 66: P a g e | 64 other words meaning
Page 67 and 68: P a g e | 66 common item to give an
Page 69 and 70: P a g e | 68 assi, es entre las rel
Page 71 and 72: P a g e | 70 Con frutas de siguapas
Page 73 and 74: P a g e | 72 cacique, dijo por señ
Page 75 and 76: P a g e | 74 ‘uppermost’ + ya >
Page 77 and 78: P a g e | 76 differentiation of the
Page 79 and 80: P a g e | 78 chief of that place, w
Page 81 and 82: P a g e | 80 garden’. It is corre
Page 83 and 84: P a g e | 82 Pic.25 Pic.26 Pic.27 P
Page 85 and 86: P a g e | 84 y en esta Española, y
Page 87 and 88: P a g e | 86 into its etymology. Ho
Page 89 and 90: P a g e | 88 and a paragraph in Cha
Page 91 and 92: P a g e | 90 the place where this t
Page 93 and 94: P a g e | 92 Pic.33, 34 Taino trigo
Page 95 and 96: P a g e | 94 describing the term fr
Page 97 and 98: P a g e | 96 + sabra > Spanish corr
Page 99 and 100: P a g e | 98 the introduction of an
Page 101 and 102: P a g e | 100 Nonetheless, if we us
Page 103 and 104: P a g e | 102 However, what is impo
Page 105 and 106: P a g e | 104 hammock, sharing its
Page 107: P a g e | 106 y con muchos indios d
Page 111 and 112: P a g e | 110 trees, but of high, a
Page 113 and 114: P a g e | 112 Éstas, por la lengua
Page 115 and 116: P a g e | 114 matase ni hiriese a n
Page 117 and 118: P a g e | 116 the epoch, but also f
Page 119 and 120: P a g e | 118 explain the prevalenc
Page 121 and 122: P a g e | 120 Pic.38 Duho distribut
Page 123 and 124: P a g e | 122 nytainos > ‘nobles
Page 125 and 126: P a g e | 124 am”, does not fit S
Page 127 and 128: P a g e | 126 (Nahuatl), tunuum (Mi
Page 129 and 130: P a g e | 128 after a battle won by
Page 131 and 132: P a g e | 130 This is relevant beca
Page 133 and 134: P a g e | 132 Yanomami of Venezuela
Page 135 and 136: P a g e | 134 linguistic registry o
Page 137 and 138: P a g e | 136 Additionally, if whil
Page 139 and 140: P a g e | 138 b) Encomienda system
Page 141 and 142: P a g e | 140 the Spanish who carri
Page 143 and 144: P a g e | 142 Casas, d. L. (2015).
Page 145 and 146: P a g e | 144 (2007). Caribbean Stu
Page 147: P a g e | 146 Robiou Lamarche, S. (
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Language of the Voiceless: Traces of Taino Language, Food, and Culture in the Americas From 1492 to the Present

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