Language of the Voiceless: Traces of Taino Language, Food, and Culture in the Americas From 1492 to the Present

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b) Encomienda system that ensured an average of at least 300 Indians to
Spanish citizens: pg. 20 of this thesis
c) Early Spanish adoption of Taino food and traditions, such as the consumption
of cazabe, maiz, barbacoa and tabaco smoking: pg. 67, 57, 48, (sustain by
quotes from de Las Casas, and Oviedo).
d) A significant amount of Taino Spanish—bilingualism among the soldiers of
the expedition, acknowledged by Bernal Diaz del Castillo: pg.74 of our
research.
e) A lower-class Spanish language on a pidgin and creolization process: pg. 108
of this work.
f) Other Naborias from the earlier colonies, Cuba and Nicaragua: pg 67, 34 and
103 of BDC’s text.
g) Negroes and Africans, previously identified to have adopted Taino culture in
Hispaniola, among the soldiers and general population.
h) Escaped naborias.
All these points, identified throughout this study, could sustain the argument for
Taino survival among the soldiers and early population of the conquest of New Spain.
However, there is one more observation to be made before moving to the next topic: the
silent role of Taino women as a significant factor of language conveyance. This was
observed, because language is related to usage and need. As a matter of fact, words
seldom survive beyond the existence of their description or beyond the extinction of the
element they are describing. For example, the word bureau is only alive to this day
because of our socio-political structure, if for some reason, our society were to collapse