Language of the Voiceless: Traces of Taino Language, Food, and Culture in the Americas From 1492 to the Present

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P a g e | 47 baskets with the Latin faba or Spanish haba. This confusion in the phonetic similarity between haba and hava still prevalent among the Spanish speaking countries today were (unlike the European Spanish) there is no difference in the pronunciation of the v and b. As a matter of fact, it could be argued that, except for very few regions of Colombia, most Spanish speaking countries use the Taino b as vernacular when presented with the letter v in any word. The pronunciation of this letter is like that of surviving Taino voices such as batata, batey, batea, barbacoa, ceiba, cahoba, batú, bana, among others, were the linguistic effort falls on the beginning of the sound forcing an elongation of the following vowel. E.g. ben in lieu of ven, bano in lieu of vano, bago in lieu of of vago, carníboro in lieu of carnívoro, etc. Chapter II, page 10 True History of the Conquest of New Spain y en doce días doblamos la punta de Santo Antón, que por otro nombre en la isla de Cuba se llama Tierra de los Guanahataveyes, que son unos indios como salvajes. In the next part of the sequence of Diaz del Castillo’s text, we come yet across with another term, Guanahataveyes. This term is often associated with a different group of Indians (at times argued as non-Arawak speaking) living in the western part of Cuba and very close to the Yucatan peninsula. However, given the phonetic analysis of this word, its meaning seems to indicate a common Taino-Arawak root sharing its morphemes with surviving Taino words, such as: guana > ‘flexible or weave’, ha >
P a g e | 48 ‘hanging’ and atabey > ‘Taino goddess of earth and water’ 77 . It is important to note that the letter (s) at the end of this word seems to be the utilization of the Spanish plural construction by the writer to create a morphologic meaning of “many” based on his own linguistic registry of quantity. This argument is made because the Taino lacked the (s) sound in their alphabet. As a matter of fact, the very few surviving Taino words that contain an (s) kind of sound in their pronunciation are often accidental with an alveolopalatal fricative effect in their enunciations e.g Axua, xSabana, xCemí, xCibucan, Quixqueya. Moreover, if we refer to the Lokono-Arawak languages which are the cousin languages of the Taino still in use today in the Orinocan region of South America in countries like Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana and Venezuela 78 we can observe that the construction of the Taino plural is irregular in its form by the use of no and bí, be. Like in Taino, in Lokono, the plural is constructed by the suffix no as a modifier to the substantive e.g. Tai > ‘singular for goodhearted or noble’+ no = Taino > ‘noble people’, Loko > ‘person’ + no = Lokono > ‘the people’, hiaro > ‘woman’ + no = hiarono > ‘women’. In addition, another cousin language of the Taino that is still in use today and that shares the same plural formation with the Arawak is the Honduran- Carib-Garifuna. In some cases of this language, the plural is constructed by the suffix nu, often pronounced ñu e.g. hiñaru > ‘woman’ + ñu = hiñaruñu > ‘women’. However, another irregular form of Taino plural shared by these surviving languages is the suffix be e.g. manatee + be = manateebe > ‘an aggregation of manatees’, ada > ‘tree’ + be = adabe > ‘forest’, ‘many trees’, ‘byproduct of the forest’, 77 (Pane, 1498, p. 21) 78 (Stuart Olson, 1991, p. 211)
Page 1 and 2: Language of the Voiceless: Traces o
Page 3 and 4: P a g e | 2 CHAPTER I | AN INTRODUC
Page 5 and 6: P a g e | 4 European languages such
Page 7 and 8: P a g e | 6 first time the language
Page 9 and 10: P a g e | 8 to describe constrictor
Page 11 and 12: P a g e | 10 Hammock: The Spanish c
Page 13 and 14: P a g e | 12 the world and later br
Page 15 and 16: P a g e | 14 Once again, these word
Page 17 and 18: P a g e | 16 V Research Limitations
Page 19 and 20: P a g e | 18 cigar made out of the
Page 21 and 22: P a g e | 20 in the surviving cousi
Page 23 and 24: P a g e | 22 Pic.4 Hoyo de Sanabe C
Page 25 and 26: P a g e | 24 Higüera es árbol gra
Page 27 and 28: P a g e | 26 y los otros de allá a
Page 29 and 30: P a g e | 28 porque nacan quiere de
Page 31 and 32: P a g e | 30 of the mainland such a
Page 33 and 34: P a g e | 32 describe the name of t
Page 35 and 36: P a g e | 34 […] el gobernador de
Page 37 and 38: P a g e | 36 […] nos habíamos de
Page 39 and 40: P a g e | 38 island of the guano of
Page 41 and 42: P a g e | 40 significance because i
Page 43 and 44: P a g e | 42 paragraph, de Las Casa
Page 45 and 46: P a g e | 44 23, 1533 were the enco
Page 47: P a g e | 46 certain familiarity an
Page 51 and 52: P a g e | 50 the different Arawak l
Page 53 and 54: P a g e | 52 a)—Mentions in a 151
Page 55 and 56: P a g e | 54 Diaz del Castillo in 1
Page 57 and 58: P a g e | 56 Y una mañana, que fue
Page 59 and 60: P a g e | 58 ‘not’ + guayacan >
Page 61 and 62: P a g e | 60 The above quote and il
Page 63 and 64: P a g e | 62 words did not make it
Page 65 and 66: P a g e | 64 other words meaning
Page 67 and 68: P a g e | 66 common item to give an
Page 69 and 70: P a g e | 68 assi, es entre las rel
Page 71 and 72: P a g e | 70 Con frutas de siguapas
Page 73 and 74: P a g e | 72 cacique, dijo por señ
Page 75 and 76: P a g e | 74 ‘uppermost’ + ya >
Page 77 and 78: P a g e | 76 differentiation of the
Page 79 and 80: P a g e | 78 chief of that place, w
Page 81 and 82: P a g e | 80 garden’. It is corre
Page 83 and 84: P a g e | 82 Pic.25 Pic.26 Pic.27 P
Page 85 and 86: P a g e | 84 y en esta Española, y
Page 87 and 88: P a g e | 86 into its etymology. Ho
Page 89 and 90: P a g e | 88 and a paragraph in Cha
Page 91 and 92: P a g e | 90 the place where this t
Page 93 and 94: P a g e | 92 Pic.33, 34 Taino trigo
Page 95 and 96: P a g e | 94 describing the term fr
Page 97 and 98: P a g e | 96 + sabra > Spanish corr
Page 99 and 100:
P a g e | 98 the introduction of an
Page 101 and 102:
P a g e | 100 Nonetheless, if we us
Page 103 and 104:
P a g e | 102 However, what is impo
Page 105 and 106:
P a g e | 104 hammock, sharing its
Page 107 and 108:
P a g e | 106 y con muchos indios d
Page 109 and 110:
P a g e | 108 The quote above is fr
Page 111 and 112:
P a g e | 110 trees, but of high, a
Page 113 and 114:
P a g e | 112 Éstas, por la lengua
Page 115 and 116:
P a g e | 114 matase ni hiriese a n
Page 117 and 118:
P a g e | 116 the epoch, but also f
Page 119 and 120:
P a g e | 118 explain the prevalenc
Page 121 and 122:
P a g e | 120 Pic.38 Duho distribut
Page 123 and 124:
P a g e | 122 nytainos > ‘nobles
Page 125 and 126:
P a g e | 124 am”, does not fit S
Page 127 and 128:
P a g e | 126 (Nahuatl), tunuum (Mi
Page 129 and 130:
P a g e | 128 after a battle won by
Page 131 and 132:
P a g e | 130 This is relevant beca
Page 133 and 134:
P a g e | 132 Yanomami of Venezuela
Page 135 and 136:
P a g e | 134 linguistic registry o
Page 137 and 138:
P a g e | 136 Additionally, if whil
Page 139 and 140:
P a g e | 138 b) Encomienda system
Page 141 and 142:
P a g e | 140 the Spanish who carri
Page 143 and 144:
P a g e | 142 Casas, d. L. (2015).
Page 145 and 146:
P a g e | 144 (2007). Caribbean Stu
Page 147:
P a g e | 146 Robiou Lamarche, S. (
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Language of the Voiceless: Traces of Taino Language, Food, and Culture in the Americas From 1492 to the Present

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