Language of the Voiceless: Traces of Taino Language, Food, and Culture in the Americas From 1492 to the Present

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P a g e | 61 his caravels and the Taino canoes, if not, why the reflection about that element on a short letter. However, concerning the other word, piragua it is imperative to mention that this word doesn’t appear in any of the Columbus early chronicles. Instead, this word seems to show up in the chronicles after the discovery of the continental lands and often accompanied by its association with its Taino homolog, canoa. This seems to indicate a possible subsequent adoption or linguistic borrowing from a different language, the Caribs to be precise. As a matter of fact, the first mention of piragua in any of these texts doesn’t appear until chapter CLIX of de Las Casas’ Historia de las Indias after the Spanish arrival to a small island of the coast of Venezuela called Cubagua. In his writings, de Las Casas states: toman luego una piragua –que es una canoa de otra arte hecha y muy ligera… 97 Amazingly, even de Las Casas uses piragua and canoa in the comparative verb form. The text translates as follows: “later they took a pirogue which is a type of lighter canoe made in a different way”. This description has the same comparative construction used by Diaz del Castillo in the quote cited in page 38 where he states that “they are canoes made out of artesian wood, very big and crafted with a single wooden log”. This grammatical use seems to indicate a word integration in the case of both chronicles as if the language used had already experienced an incorporation process with some Taino words, in this case, canoe. The images below are examples of the canoes prior to Bernal Diaz’s text with their original names. It is important to mention that, except for piragua, the other 97 (Las Casas, 1875)
P a g e | 62 words did not make it to the vernacular Spanish lexicon. They were in most cases displaced by the adoption of canoe into their respective languages and dialects. Pic 19 Piragua (Carib) 98 Pic 20 Acalli/Acaltontli (Nahuatl) Pic 21 Chem (Itza-Maya) Chapter II, page 11 True History of the Conquest of New Spain y cubiertas sus vergüenzas con unas mantas angostas, que entre ellos llaman masteles. Y tuvímoslos por hombres de más razón que a los indios de Cuba, porque andaban los de Cuba con las vergüienzas de fuera, eceto las mujeres, que traían hasta los muslos unas ropas de algodón, que llaman naguas. The next word in the sequence of the text is nagua > ‘taparrabo (Spa.)’ > ‘loincloth’. This word is of extreme significance, because like its counterpart canoa it quickly became integrated and adopted by the people of the continental lands in their languages and dialects. To this day, nagua or enagua is used as a synonym of skirt 99 across most Spanish speaking countries. However, a significant element to observe in Diaz del Castillo’s note is the use of the word masteles to make a comparative reflection between the Indians of the 98 (Benzoni, 1519-1572) 99 (Española, 2019)
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Language of the Voiceless: Traces o
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P a g e | 2 CHAPTER I | AN INTRODUC
Page 5 and 6:
P a g e | 4 European languages such
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P a g e | 6 first time the language
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P a g e | 8 to describe constrictor
Page 11 and 12: P a g e | 10 Hammock: The Spanish c
Page 13 and 14: P a g e | 12 the world and later br
Page 15 and 16: P a g e | 14 Once again, these word
Page 17 and 18: P a g e | 16 V Research Limitations
Page 19 and 20: P a g e | 18 cigar made out of the
Page 21 and 22: P a g e | 20 in the surviving cousi
Page 23 and 24: P a g e | 22 Pic.4 Hoyo de Sanabe C
Page 25 and 26: P a g e | 24 Higüera es árbol gra
Page 27 and 28: P a g e | 26 y los otros de allá a
Page 29 and 30: P a g e | 28 porque nacan quiere de
Page 31 and 32: P a g e | 30 of the mainland such a
Page 33 and 34: P a g e | 32 describe the name of t
Page 35 and 36: P a g e | 34 […] el gobernador de
Page 37 and 38: P a g e | 36 […] nos habíamos de
Page 39 and 40: P a g e | 38 island of the guano of
Page 41 and 42: P a g e | 40 significance because i
Page 43 and 44: P a g e | 42 paragraph, de Las Casa
Page 45 and 46: P a g e | 44 23, 1533 were the enco
Page 47 and 48: P a g e | 46 certain familiarity an
Page 49 and 50: P a g e | 48 ‘hanging’ and atab
Page 51 and 52: P a g e | 50 the different Arawak l
Page 53 and 54: P a g e | 52 a)—Mentions in a 151
Page 55 and 56: P a g e | 54 Diaz del Castillo in 1
Page 57 and 58: P a g e | 56 Y una mañana, que fue
Page 59 and 60: P a g e | 58 ‘not’ + guayacan >
Page 61: P a g e | 60 The above quote and il
Page 65 and 66: P a g e | 64 other words meaning
Page 67 and 68: P a g e | 66 common item to give an
Page 69 and 70: P a g e | 68 assi, es entre las rel
Page 71 and 72: P a g e | 70 Con frutas de siguapas
Page 73 and 74: P a g e | 72 cacique, dijo por señ
Page 75 and 76: P a g e | 74 ‘uppermost’ + ya >
Page 77 and 78: P a g e | 76 differentiation of the
Page 79 and 80: P a g e | 78 chief of that place, w
Page 81 and 82: P a g e | 80 garden’. It is corre
Page 83 and 84: P a g e | 82 Pic.25 Pic.26 Pic.27 P
Page 85 and 86: P a g e | 84 y en esta Española, y
Page 87 and 88: P a g e | 86 into its etymology. Ho
Page 89 and 90: P a g e | 88 and a paragraph in Cha
Page 91 and 92: P a g e | 90 the place where this t
Page 93 and 94: P a g e | 92 Pic.33, 34 Taino trigo
Page 95 and 96: P a g e | 94 describing the term fr
Page 97 and 98: P a g e | 96 + sabra > Spanish corr
Page 99 and 100: P a g e | 98 the introduction of an
Page 101 and 102: P a g e | 100 Nonetheless, if we us
Page 103 and 104: P a g e | 102 However, what is impo
Page 105 and 106: P a g e | 104 hammock, sharing its
Page 107 and 108: P a g e | 106 y con muchos indios d
Page 109 and 110: P a g e | 108 The quote above is fr
Page 111 and 112: P a g e | 110 trees, but of high, a
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P a g e | 112 Éstas, por la lengua
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P a g e | 114 matase ni hiriese a n
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P a g e | 116 the epoch, but also f
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P a g e | 118 explain the prevalenc
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P a g e | 120 Pic.38 Duho distribut
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P a g e | 122 nytainos > ‘nobles
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P a g e | 124 am”, does not fit S
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P a g e | 126 (Nahuatl), tunuum (Mi
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P a g e | 128 after a battle won by
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P a g e | 130 This is relevant beca
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P a g e | 132 Yanomami of Venezuela
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P a g e | 134 linguistic registry o
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P a g e | 136 Additionally, if whil
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P a g e | 138 b) Encomienda system
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P a g e | 140 the Spanish who carri
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P a g e | 142 Casas, d. L. (2015).
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P a g e | 144 (2007). Caribbean Stu
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P a g e | 146 Robiou Lamarche, S. (
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Language of the Voiceless: Traces of Taino Language, Food, and Culture in the Americas From 1492 to the Present

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