Language of the Voiceless: Traces of Taino Language, Food, and Culture in the Americas From 1492 to the Present

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P a g e | 129 cultivation, processing, and recreational and ceremonial usages. De Las Casas account state: En esta isla Española y en las comarcanas tenían otra manera de yerba como proprias lechugas, y ésta secaban al sol y al fuego, y hacían de unas hojas de árbol secas un rollete como se hace un mosquete de papel y metían dentro una poca de aquella yerba y encendían el mosquete por una parte, y por la otra sorbían o atraían el humo hacia dentro en el pecho, lo cual les causaba un adormecimiento en las carnes y en todo el cuerpo, de manera que ni sentían hambre ni cansancio, y estos mosquetes llamaban tabacos, la media sílaba luenga 187 . The above quote not only places the word tabaco as a plant cultivated by the Taino of Hispaniola to be smoked in a rollete > ‘cigar’, but also de Las Casas gives an example of the way the Taino pronounced the word, “they called it tabacos, pronounced with an elongated middle syllable”. Therefore, if as stated by Real Academia, the word was a pre-Columbian Spanish term, why would de Las Casas explain that “they called the cigar roll, tabaco” and why would he try to give phonetical examples of its pronunciation? As a matter of fact, it is crucial to mention that both de Las Casas and Oviedo, only gave phonetical examples of native words in their chronicles. In all their accounts, we have yet to find a case where they explained any Spanish terms. Their tendency was to transcribe Taino and native phonetics to a European audience for whom their chronicles were written. It is relevant to note that later in the same text, de Las Casas writes about some Spanish people adopting the habit of smoking tobacco from de natives of Hispaniola 188 . 187 (De las Casas, 1566) 188 (De las Casas, 1566)
P a g e | 130 This is relevant because this same earlier Spanish population of the Caribbean would be the future conquerors of New Spain and of the rest of the continent. stating that: However, it is Oviedo who illustrates the Taino ceremonial element of tabaco by Usaban los indios dcsta isla entre otros sus vicios uno muy malo que es tomar unas ahumadas que olios llaman tabaco, para salir de sentido. Y esto hacían con el humo de cierta hierva que… de aquesta manera: los caciques é hombres principales lenian unos palillos huecos del tamaño de un xeme ó menos de la grose del dedo menor de la mano, y esto, cañuto-, teuian dos cañones respondientes a uno, como aqui está pintado 189 . Here, and like de Las Casas, Oviedo places the word tabaco in the Taino of Hispaniola’s context and adds a very remarkable drawing of the type of pipes used by the Taino of Haiti to smoke it. The image below is from Oviedo’s original manuscript. pic.50 Tabaco pipe from Hispaniola 190 What is impressive about this image is that Oviedo writes both words, tabaco and something that looks like cohiba or herva, as a side note to the image. Furthermore, like de Las Casas, Oviedo states that some Africans living in the earlier colonial Santo Domingo also adopted the custom from the Taino: 189 (Fernandez de Oviedo, Historia general y natural de las Indias, Islas y Tierra-Firme del Mar , 1853) 190 (Myers & Scott, 2007)
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Language of the Voiceless: Traces o
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P a g e | 2 CHAPTER I | AN INTRODUC
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P a g e | 4 European languages such
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P a g e | 6 first time the language
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P a g e | 8 to describe constrictor
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P a g e | 10 Hammock: The Spanish c
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P a g e | 12 the world and later br
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P a g e | 14 Once again, these word
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P a g e | 16 V Research Limitations
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P a g e | 18 cigar made out of the
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P a g e | 20 in the surviving cousi
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P a g e | 22 Pic.4 Hoyo de Sanabe C
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P a g e | 24 Higüera es árbol gra
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P a g e | 26 y los otros de allá a
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P a g e | 28 porque nacan quiere de
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P a g e | 30 of the mainland such a
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P a g e | 32 describe the name of t
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P a g e | 34 […] el gobernador de
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P a g e | 36 […] nos habíamos de
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P a g e | 38 island of the guano of
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P a g e | 40 significance because i
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P a g e | 42 paragraph, de Las Casa
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P a g e | 44 23, 1533 were the enco
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P a g e | 46 certain familiarity an
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P a g e | 48 ‘hanging’ and atab
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P a g e | 50 the different Arawak l
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P a g e | 52 a)—Mentions in a 151
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P a g e | 54 Diaz del Castillo in 1
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P a g e | 56 Y una mañana, que fue
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P a g e | 58 ‘not’ + guayacan >
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P a g e | 60 The above quote and il
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P a g e | 62 words did not make it
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P a g e | 64 other words meaning
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P a g e | 66 common item to give an
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P a g e | 68 assi, es entre las rel
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P a g e | 70 Con frutas de siguapas
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P a g e | 72 cacique, dijo por señ
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P a g e | 74 ‘uppermost’ + ya >
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P a g e | 76 differentiation of the
Page 79 and 80: P a g e | 78 chief of that place, w
Page 81 and 82: P a g e | 80 garden’. It is corre
Page 83 and 84: P a g e | 82 Pic.25 Pic.26 Pic.27 P
Page 85 and 86: P a g e | 84 y en esta Española, y
Page 87 and 88: P a g e | 86 into its etymology. Ho
Page 89 and 90: P a g e | 88 and a paragraph in Cha
Page 91 and 92: P a g e | 90 the place where this t
Page 93 and 94: P a g e | 92 Pic.33, 34 Taino trigo
Page 95 and 96: P a g e | 94 describing the term fr
Page 97 and 98: P a g e | 96 + sabra > Spanish corr
Page 99 and 100: P a g e | 98 the introduction of an
Page 101 and 102: P a g e | 100 Nonetheless, if we us
Page 103 and 104: P a g e | 102 However, what is impo
Page 105 and 106: P a g e | 104 hammock, sharing its
Page 107 and 108: P a g e | 106 y con muchos indios d
Page 109 and 110: P a g e | 108 The quote above is fr
Page 111 and 112: P a g e | 110 trees, but of high, a
Page 113 and 114: P a g e | 112 Éstas, por la lengua
Page 115 and 116: P a g e | 114 matase ni hiriese a n
Page 117 and 118: P a g e | 116 the epoch, but also f
Page 119 and 120: P a g e | 118 explain the prevalenc
Page 121 and 122: P a g e | 120 Pic.38 Duho distribut
Page 123 and 124: P a g e | 122 nytainos > ‘nobles
Page 125 and 126: P a g e | 124 am”, does not fit S
Page 127 and 128: P a g e | 126 (Nahuatl), tunuum (Mi
Page 129: P a g e | 128 after a battle won by
Page 133 and 134: P a g e | 132 Yanomami of Venezuela
Page 135 and 136: P a g e | 134 linguistic registry o
Page 137 and 138: P a g e | 136 Additionally, if whil
Page 139 and 140: P a g e | 138 b) Encomienda system
Page 141 and 142: P a g e | 140 the Spanish who carri
Page 143 and 144: P a g e | 142 Casas, d. L. (2015).
Page 145 and 146: P a g e | 144 (2007). Caribbean Stu
Page 147: P a g e | 146 Robiou Lamarche, S. (
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Language of the Voiceless: Traces of Taino Language, Food, and Culture in the Americas From 1492 to the Present

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