Language of the Voiceless: Traces of Taino Language, Food, and Culture in the Americas From 1492 to the Present

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P a g e | 65 y anombraron por su nombre más de ciento. Por ende yo miré por la más grande, y aquella determiné andar, y así hago y será lejos desta de San Salvador, cinco leguas y las otras dellas más, dellas menos. 105 These Arawak islands Columbus is referring to are the Turks and Caicos Ynagua and Abanagua and (like Columbus stated in Spanish) their names are associated with sizes and place e.g. Ynagua (í > ‘looks like’ + na > ‘small’ + wa > ‘place’ = ‘looks like a small place’). The next island, called the “bigger one” in the text is named Abanagua, (A > ‘it is’ agentive noun function + ba > ‘big’ + wa > ‘place’ = ‘it is a bigger place’). Another possible explanation for the addition of the prefix e, y or í in the Hispaniola’s version could be related to the Guanahaní-Carib grammatical construction depicted by father Raymond Bretton in his comparative studies between the Carib and the French languages in Martinique. Number of Mentions of the word nagua in The True History of the Conquest of New Spain including the cross reference of the three manuscripts: 2 Note: Remarkably, this word doesn’t appear again in the text until page 478 when a common soldier, wounded and betrayed it’s believed to have taken some Indian women as concubines: “y que agora el pobre soldado que había echado los bofes y estaba lleno de heridas por haber una buena india, y les habían dado naguas y camisas, habían tomado y escondido las tales indias”. The text states that the soldier gave naguas and shirts to the women. It is imperative to note that the naguas were a 105 (Colon, 1892)
P a g e | 66 common item to give and trade among the Taino. Therefore, to find a foot soldier that far in the chronology of the narrative using a Taino custom of exchange and courtship seems to hint to a possible familiarity of Taino practices among the lower ranks of the Spanish army. As a matter of fact, this type of naguas or e-maguas as a traditional gift can be traced back to a gift from cacique Anacahona to Bartolome Colón. According to de Las Casas: Presentó esta señora á D. Bartolomé muchas sillas, las más hermosas, que eran todas negras y bruñidas como si fueran de azabache; de todas las otras cosas para servicio de mesa, y naguas de algodón (que eran unas como faldillas que traían las mujeres desde la cinta hasta media pierna, tejidas y con labor es del mismo algodon) blanco á maravilla, cuantas quiso llevar y que más le agradaban. Dióle cuatro ovillos de algodón hilado que apenas un hombre podía uno levantar 106 . The symbolism behind the details of this gift is of extreme cultural importance when it comes to Taino traditions and culture. The fact that Anacahona gave duho chairs, naguas and cotton bundles to Bartolomé Colón 26 years prior to the events recorded by Bernal Diaz del Castillo seems to place these items in the Taino cultural context prior to the discovery of the mainland. Moreover, only chiefs could sit in duho chairs. Therefore, giving them in the same symbolic context that naguas, illustrates the importance of this item among the Taino. Other Primary Sources Mentions of the possible Taino origin of the word nagua: a) _ Fernández de Oviedo’s Historia general y natural de las Indias: 106 (Las Casas, Historia de Las Indias, 1527 | 1986 Edition from origial publication )
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Language of the Voiceless: Traces o
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P a g e | 2 CHAPTER I | AN INTRODUC
Page 5 and 6:
P a g e | 4 European languages such
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P a g e | 6 first time the language
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P a g e | 8 to describe constrictor
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P a g e | 10 Hammock: The Spanish c
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P a g e | 12 the world and later br
Page 15 and 16: P a g e | 14 Once again, these word
Page 17 and 18: P a g e | 16 V Research Limitations
Page 19 and 20: P a g e | 18 cigar made out of the
Page 21 and 22: P a g e | 20 in the surviving cousi
Page 23 and 24: P a g e | 22 Pic.4 Hoyo de Sanabe C
Page 25 and 26: P a g e | 24 Higüera es árbol gra
Page 27 and 28: P a g e | 26 y los otros de allá a
Page 29 and 30: P a g e | 28 porque nacan quiere de
Page 31 and 32: P a g e | 30 of the mainland such a
Page 33 and 34: P a g e | 32 describe the name of t
Page 35 and 36: P a g e | 34 […] el gobernador de
Page 37 and 38: P a g e | 36 […] nos habíamos de
Page 39 and 40: P a g e | 38 island of the guano of
Page 41 and 42: P a g e | 40 significance because i
Page 43 and 44: P a g e | 42 paragraph, de Las Casa
Page 45 and 46: P a g e | 44 23, 1533 were the enco
Page 47 and 48: P a g e | 46 certain familiarity an
Page 49 and 50: P a g e | 48 ‘hanging’ and atab
Page 51 and 52: P a g e | 50 the different Arawak l
Page 53 and 54: P a g e | 52 a)—Mentions in a 151
Page 55 and 56: P a g e | 54 Diaz del Castillo in 1
Page 57 and 58: P a g e | 56 Y una mañana, que fue
Page 59 and 60: P a g e | 58 ‘not’ + guayacan >
Page 61 and 62: P a g e | 60 The above quote and il
Page 63 and 64: P a g e | 62 words did not make it
Page 65: P a g e | 64 other words meaning
Page 69 and 70: P a g e | 68 assi, es entre las rel
Page 71 and 72: P a g e | 70 Con frutas de siguapas
Page 73 and 74: P a g e | 72 cacique, dijo por señ
Page 75 and 76: P a g e | 74 ‘uppermost’ + ya >
Page 77 and 78: P a g e | 76 differentiation of the
Page 79 and 80: P a g e | 78 chief of that place, w
Page 81 and 82: P a g e | 80 garden’. It is corre
Page 83 and 84: P a g e | 82 Pic.25 Pic.26 Pic.27 P
Page 85 and 86: P a g e | 84 y en esta Española, y
Page 87 and 88: P a g e | 86 into its etymology. Ho
Page 89 and 90: P a g e | 88 and a paragraph in Cha
Page 91 and 92: P a g e | 90 the place where this t
Page 93 and 94: P a g e | 92 Pic.33, 34 Taino trigo
Page 95 and 96: P a g e | 94 describing the term fr
Page 97 and 98: P a g e | 96 + sabra > Spanish corr
Page 99 and 100: P a g e | 98 the introduction of an
Page 101 and 102: P a g e | 100 Nonetheless, if we us
Page 103 and 104: P a g e | 102 However, what is impo
Page 105 and 106: P a g e | 104 hammock, sharing its
Page 107 and 108: P a g e | 106 y con muchos indios d
Page 109 and 110: P a g e | 108 The quote above is fr
Page 111 and 112: P a g e | 110 trees, but of high, a
Page 113 and 114: P a g e | 112 Éstas, por la lengua
Page 115 and 116: P a g e | 114 matase ni hiriese a n
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P a g e | 116 the epoch, but also f
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P a g e | 118 explain the prevalenc
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P a g e | 120 Pic.38 Duho distribut
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P a g e | 122 nytainos > ‘nobles
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P a g e | 124 am”, does not fit S
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P a g e | 126 (Nahuatl), tunuum (Mi
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P a g e | 128 after a battle won by
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P a g e | 130 This is relevant beca
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P a g e | 132 Yanomami of Venezuela
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P a g e | 134 linguistic registry o
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P a g e | 136 Additionally, if whil
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P a g e | 138 b) Encomienda system
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P a g e | 140 the Spanish who carri
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P a g e | 142 Casas, d. L. (2015).
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P a g e | 144 (2007). Caribbean Stu
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P a g e | 146 Robiou Lamarche, S. (
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Language of the Voiceless: Traces of Taino Language, Food, and Culture in the Americas From 1492 to the Present

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