Language of the Voiceless: Traces of Taino Language, Food, and Culture in the Americas From 1492 to the Present

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P a g e | 59 ejective consonant prior to the phoneme like ʡʼma or laryngeal-glottal stop like gkma all lost during the post-lexicalization process of the Spanish chronicles. However, continuing with the sequential analysis of the BDC’s text, the next term, piraúara, is a Carib word used by the Taino to designate the smaller type of canoe. This word comes from the Guaraní word pira > ‘fish’ e.g. piranha > ‘tooth fish’ and pira’ya > ‘scissor fish’. Therefore, pira in combination with the suffix huara, which could be a possible corruption of the Carib found in the Honduran Garifuna úara 93 > ‘to join’, ‘to accompany by or with’, should consequently be transliterated as ‘to accompany the fish’ or ‘fish companion’. Number of Mentions of the words canoa and piragua in The True History of the Conquest of New Spain including the cross reference of the three manuscripts: canoa: 342 & piragua: 31 Other Primary Sources Mentions of the possible origin of the word canoa and piragua: Indias: a) —Mentions in Fernandez de Oviedo’s Historia general y natural de las y al pié de las palmas > cana tienen sus canoas, con que salen á pescar. Pic. 18 Fernández de Oviedo: canoa 94 93 (Suazo, 2011) 94 (Fernanadez de Oviedo, 1535 - 1557)
P a g e | 60 The above quote and illustration from Fernandez de Oviedo’s accounts of the Indians of Española is of extreme importance because it places the word canoa in the Taino context. It also associates the palm trees with Taino life. As previously discussed, cana > ‘palm tree’ is a very prevalent voice among the surviving Taino lexicon. Correspondingly, it is worth to remark that canoa was the first Indian word to be mentioned in Antonio de Nebrija’s Spanish-Latin Dictionary 95 of 1495 and one of the first words ever published in Europe in a February 1493 latter from Christopher Columbus to Luis de Santángel. Ellos tienen en todas las islas muy muchas canoas, de manera de fustas de remo: dellas mayores, dellas menores, y algunas y muchas son mayores que una fusta de diez y ocho bancos: non son tan anchas, porque son de un solo madero; mas una fusta no terná con ellas al releo, porque van que no es cosa de creer, y con estas navegan todas aquellas islas, que son innumerables, y traen sus mercaderías. Algunas destas canoas he visto sesenta y ochenta hombres en ella, y cada uno con su remo… 96 This fragment of the letter describes the size, shape and number of passengers in the different types of canoes and the way they were used as commercial and seafaring vessels among the different islands Columbus encountered. However, what is important to note about Columbus’ note is the linguistic capital employed to make the statement that “each man had a paddle even on those canoes with sixty or eighty men on board”. The observation by Columbus could indicate (at least during navigation) a possible cooperative culture of equally shared labor. This is said because as an experienced sailor and skilled captain Columbus could have been comparing the structure of labor between 95 (Nebrija, 1495) 96 (Colon, 1892)
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Language of the Voiceless: Traces o
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P a g e | 2 CHAPTER I | AN INTRODUC
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P a g e | 4 European languages such
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P a g e | 6 first time the language
Page 9 and 10: P a g e | 8 to describe constrictor
Page 11 and 12: P a g e | 10 Hammock: The Spanish c
Page 13 and 14: P a g e | 12 the world and later br
Page 15 and 16: P a g e | 14 Once again, these word
Page 17 and 18: P a g e | 16 V Research Limitations
Page 19 and 20: P a g e | 18 cigar made out of the
Page 21 and 22: P a g e | 20 in the surviving cousi
Page 23 and 24: P a g e | 22 Pic.4 Hoyo de Sanabe C
Page 25 and 26: P a g e | 24 Higüera es árbol gra
Page 27 and 28: P a g e | 26 y los otros de allá a
Page 29 and 30: P a g e | 28 porque nacan quiere de
Page 31 and 32: P a g e | 30 of the mainland such a
Page 33 and 34: P a g e | 32 describe the name of t
Page 35 and 36: P a g e | 34 […] el gobernador de
Page 37 and 38: P a g e | 36 […] nos habíamos de
Page 39 and 40: P a g e | 38 island of the guano of
Page 41 and 42: P a g e | 40 significance because i
Page 43 and 44: P a g e | 42 paragraph, de Las Casa
Page 45 and 46: P a g e | 44 23, 1533 were the enco
Page 47 and 48: P a g e | 46 certain familiarity an
Page 49 and 50: P a g e | 48 ‘hanging’ and atab
Page 51 and 52: P a g e | 50 the different Arawak l
Page 53 and 54: P a g e | 52 a)—Mentions in a 151
Page 55 and 56: P a g e | 54 Diaz del Castillo in 1
Page 57 and 58: P a g e | 56 Y una mañana, que fue
Page 59: P a g e | 58 ‘not’ + guayacan >
Page 63 and 64: P a g e | 62 words did not make it
Page 65 and 66: P a g e | 64 other words meaning
Page 67 and 68: P a g e | 66 common item to give an
Page 69 and 70: P a g e | 68 assi, es entre las rel
Page 71 and 72: P a g e | 70 Con frutas de siguapas
Page 73 and 74: P a g e | 72 cacique, dijo por señ
Page 75 and 76: P a g e | 74 ‘uppermost’ + ya >
Page 77 and 78: P a g e | 76 differentiation of the
Page 79 and 80: P a g e | 78 chief of that place, w
Page 81 and 82: P a g e | 80 garden’. It is corre
Page 83 and 84: P a g e | 82 Pic.25 Pic.26 Pic.27 P
Page 85 and 86: P a g e | 84 y en esta Española, y
Page 87 and 88: P a g e | 86 into its etymology. Ho
Page 89 and 90: P a g e | 88 and a paragraph in Cha
Page 91 and 92: P a g e | 90 the place where this t
Page 93 and 94: P a g e | 92 Pic.33, 34 Taino trigo
Page 95 and 96: P a g e | 94 describing the term fr
Page 97 and 98: P a g e | 96 + sabra > Spanish corr
Page 99 and 100: P a g e | 98 the introduction of an
Page 101 and 102: P a g e | 100 Nonetheless, if we us
Page 103 and 104: P a g e | 102 However, what is impo
Page 105 and 106: P a g e | 104 hammock, sharing its
Page 107 and 108: P a g e | 106 y con muchos indios d
Page 109 and 110: P a g e | 108 The quote above is fr
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P a g e | 110 trees, but of high, a
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P a g e | 112 Éstas, por la lengua
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P a g e | 114 matase ni hiriese a n
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P a g e | 116 the epoch, but also f
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P a g e | 118 explain the prevalenc
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P a g e | 120 Pic.38 Duho distribut
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P a g e | 122 nytainos > ‘nobles
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P a g e | 124 am”, does not fit S
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P a g e | 126 (Nahuatl), tunuum (Mi
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P a g e | 128 after a battle won by
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P a g e | 130 This is relevant beca
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P a g e | 132 Yanomami of Venezuela
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P a g e | 134 linguistic registry o
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P a g e | 136 Additionally, if whil
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P a g e | 138 b) Encomienda system
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P a g e | 140 the Spanish who carri
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P a g e | 142 Casas, d. L. (2015).
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P a g e | 144 (2007). Caribbean Stu
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P a g e | 146 Robiou Lamarche, S. (
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Language of the Voiceless: Traces of Taino Language, Food, and Culture in the Americas From 1492 to the Present

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