Language of the Voiceless: Traces of Taino Language, Food, and Culture in the Americas From 1492 to the Present

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P a g e | 109 Arawak of Surinam the suffix bana means ‘place’ or ‘extension of land’ modifiable by a prefix e.g Na-dykha to kama (kalhao-bana) diako 153 . In this expression, kalh > ‘cassava’, ‘grass’ or ‘plant’ + o > ‘under’, ‘buried’, ‘planted’ + bana > ‘extension of land’ = ‘planted extension of grassland’. These similarities between the Arawak and Taino terms places this word in the Taino etymology and not in the mainland connotation. Amazingly, this word traveled along with the Spanish to the plains of North America giving the name to what is today the region of Savannah, Georgia. Moreover, this word has made it to the world vocabulary to signify ‘grassland’ across languages and continents. Number of mentions of the word sabana in The True History of the Conquest of New Spain including the cross reference of the three manuscripts: 9 sabana: Other Primary Sources mentions of the possible Taino origin of the word b)— In Fernandez de Oviedo’s Historia general y natural de las Indias: Este nombre savanna se dice á la tierra que está sin arboledas, pero con mucha é alta hierva, de la manera que dicha es ó baxa. […] Y fecho esto, el capitán é los cristianos se apartaron de allí quanto un tiro de ballesta ampo raso, é entráronse á la savana o' por su seguridad durmieron aquella noche 154 . The two above quotes from Oviedo’s chronicles reveal the Taino meaning of the word sabana. In the first paragraph, he describes the savannah as a “land without 153 (Pet, 2011) 154 (Fernandez de Oviedo, Historia general y natural de las Indias, Islas y Tierra-Firme del Mar , 1853)
P a g e | 110 trees, but of high, and at times, low grass”. In the second paragraph, he states that “they moved the Spanish army to the savanna for protection”. It is imperative to note that the spelling within the same page of the text varies, at times, adding an extra n. Later in the same chronicle Oviedo changes the spelling one more time exchanging the v for b. This variance in the spelling seems to hint to a possible linguistic insecurity from the writer about the correct phonology of the term. However, Bernal Diaz spells the term as sabana, the way the word is spelled in Spanish today. Also, he adds the adjective “grande”, which means ‘big’, as if making an annotation between the description and his own linguistic memory about the savannas of the Caribbean and those newly encountered in the mainland. Chapter LXII, page 205 aquellas rencillas pasamos era llano, y había muchas casas y labranzas de maíz e magueyales, que es donde hacen el vino. Y dormimos cabe un arroyo. The next word in the sequence of our research is magüey > ‘agave’. However, this word, like others previously described in this research, such as mamey, catarey, makey, cupey, Camagüey, turéy, higüey, this word seems to reflect an important element of the language of the pre-Columbian Taino that we have avoided thus far to evade diverging from our main research point about their influences in the vernacular post-colonial Spanish. It seems, that although for the most part Taino descended from Arawak related languages, there was a fusion of other linguistic groups that became part of a homogenized linguistic cluster among the Antilles adding words incorporated into the Taino language at the moment of the European’s arrival. Voices like caimán, loro,
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Language of the Voiceless: Traces o
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P a g e | 2 CHAPTER I | AN INTRODUC
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P a g e | 4 European languages such
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P a g e | 6 first time the language
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P a g e | 8 to describe constrictor
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P a g e | 10 Hammock: The Spanish c
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P a g e | 12 the world and later br
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P a g e | 14 Once again, these word
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P a g e | 16 V Research Limitations
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P a g e | 18 cigar made out of the
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P a g e | 20 in the surviving cousi
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P a g e | 22 Pic.4 Hoyo de Sanabe C
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P a g e | 24 Higüera es árbol gra
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P a g e | 26 y los otros de allá a
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P a g e | 28 porque nacan quiere de
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P a g e | 30 of the mainland such a
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P a g e | 32 describe the name of t
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P a g e | 34 […] el gobernador de
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P a g e | 36 […] nos habíamos de
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P a g e | 38 island of the guano of
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P a g e | 40 significance because i
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P a g e | 42 paragraph, de Las Casa
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P a g e | 44 23, 1533 were the enco
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P a g e | 46 certain familiarity an
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P a g e | 48 ‘hanging’ and atab
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P a g e | 50 the different Arawak l
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P a g e | 52 a)—Mentions in a 151
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P a g e | 54 Diaz del Castillo in 1
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P a g e | 56 Y una mañana, que fue
Page 59 and 60: P a g e | 58 ‘not’ + guayacan >
Page 61 and 62: P a g e | 60 The above quote and il
Page 63 and 64: P a g e | 62 words did not make it
Page 65 and 66: P a g e | 64 other words meaning
Page 67 and 68: P a g e | 66 common item to give an
Page 69 and 70: P a g e | 68 assi, es entre las rel
Page 71 and 72: P a g e | 70 Con frutas de siguapas
Page 73 and 74: P a g e | 72 cacique, dijo por señ
Page 75 and 76: P a g e | 74 ‘uppermost’ + ya >
Page 77 and 78: P a g e | 76 differentiation of the
Page 79 and 80: P a g e | 78 chief of that place, w
Page 81 and 82: P a g e | 80 garden’. It is corre
Page 83 and 84: P a g e | 82 Pic.25 Pic.26 Pic.27 P
Page 85 and 86: P a g e | 84 y en esta Española, y
Page 87 and 88: P a g e | 86 into its etymology. Ho
Page 89 and 90: P a g e | 88 and a paragraph in Cha
Page 91 and 92: P a g e | 90 the place where this t
Page 93 and 94: P a g e | 92 Pic.33, 34 Taino trigo
Page 95 and 96: P a g e | 94 describing the term fr
Page 97 and 98: P a g e | 96 + sabra > Spanish corr
Page 99 and 100: P a g e | 98 the introduction of an
Page 101 and 102: P a g e | 100 Nonetheless, if we us
Page 103 and 104: P a g e | 102 However, what is impo
Page 105 and 106: P a g e | 104 hammock, sharing its
Page 107 and 108: P a g e | 106 y con muchos indios d
Page 109: P a g e | 108 The quote above is fr
Page 113 and 114: P a g e | 112 Éstas, por la lengua
Page 115 and 116: P a g e | 114 matase ni hiriese a n
Page 117 and 118: P a g e | 116 the epoch, but also f
Page 119 and 120: P a g e | 118 explain the prevalenc
Page 121 and 122: P a g e | 120 Pic.38 Duho distribut
Page 123 and 124: P a g e | 122 nytainos > ‘nobles
Page 125 and 126: P a g e | 124 am”, does not fit S
Page 127 and 128: P a g e | 126 (Nahuatl), tunuum (Mi
Page 129 and 130: P a g e | 128 after a battle won by
Page 131 and 132: P a g e | 130 This is relevant beca
Page 133 and 134: P a g e | 132 Yanomami of Venezuela
Page 135 and 136: P a g e | 134 linguistic registry o
Page 137 and 138: P a g e | 136 Additionally, if whil
Page 139 and 140: P a g e | 138 b) Encomienda system
Page 141 and 142: P a g e | 140 the Spanish who carri
Page 143 and 144: P a g e | 142 Casas, d. L. (2015).
Page 145 and 146: P a g e | 144 (2007). Caribbean Stu
Page 147: P a g e | 146 Robiou Lamarche, S. (
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Language of the Voiceless: Traces of Taino Language, Food, and Culture in the Americas From 1492 to the Present

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