Language of the Voiceless: Traces of Taino Language, Food, and Culture in the Americas From 1492 to the Present

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P a g e | 125 tlahuapanquetl > ‘servant’. Yet, the prevalent term was the Taino naboria as if this word was ingrained as part of the writer’s intrinsic vocabulary or immediate reality. The third event is the mention of “naborias de Cuba” in page 388. With this mention of naborias along the Spanish in the mainland, Diaz del Castillos placed Taino speakers in the mainland context. 1.4 Ceiba. This word, together with the next three elements (areyto, tabaco, and barbacoa) are going to be analyzed as a group because of their religious significance in Taino rituals, spiritual traditions and legends. Although there are many religious and ceremonial parallels around the significance of the Ceiba or Sayba among the people of the mainland (Maya and Aztecs) and the Taino, it is important to note that this parallelism could be due to earlier pre-Columbian connections among these peoples as illustrated before in the quoted DNAmt study and amply documented in the archaeological record. However, given this parallelism and overwhelming narratives about this tree in the cosmovision and myths of both, the Maya and the Aztec 180 , we are going to employ the linguistic aspect of this research in order to at least establish the pre-mainland origin of the word. The other mythological elements are too vast and unrelated to this research. Therefore, if we make a phonetic analysis of the word ceiba in some of the languages of the mainland pertinent to what will later become New Spain, we can find words like: “yaaxché (Yucatan—Mayan), cuypishtin (Popoluca —Veracruz), póchotl 180 (García-Goyco, 2007)
P a g e | 126 (Nahuatl), tunuum (Mixtec—Oaxaca), unup (Huastec—San Luis Potosí), yaga-xeni (Zapotec—Oaxaca) and pishtin (Chiapas)” 181 . However, none of these terms resemble the phonetics of the Taino ceiba, seiba or seyba. Still, what is truly remarkable about the Maya and Zapotec names, especially, are the phonetic similarities with the Taino Yaya creation legend and the origin of the cemí creation described by Fray Ramon Pané. According to Pané “Yaya was the origin myth and when a person walking sees a tree moving in the forest, they should ask, who are you? And the tree will respond— bring me a behique and I will tell you. After the behique arrives, the tree -cemi will tell the behique the way it wants to be carved. Then, they will make harm or good with the cohoba ritual” 182 . However, what is truly remarkable about Pané’s description is that the Taino legends seem to be the eclectic transliteration of different combined legends about creation and trees mostly linked to the Mayas and to other groups of South America. Furthermore, Pané mentions the name Apito together with the five names of Atabey, and the Opía was the spirit of the dead. Yet, in the Guajiro—Wayuunaiki languages aipa'a means ‘night’ and aippia means ‘tree’. It is important to note that in Mayan, the words associated with death, Chamay baak and the dead, Kimen sound phonetically like the Taino cemi, the name of the spirit, which according to Pané, is to be carved from the tree to become an effigy and voice of the spirit of the tree. Based on these linguistic and symbolic affinities found in their genetic relatives from Mexico and from South America, we can safely state that the Taino inherited the 181 (Grandtner, 2005) 182 (Pane, 1498)
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Language of the Voiceless: Traces o
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P a g e | 2 CHAPTER I | AN INTRODUC
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P a g e | 4 European languages such
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P a g e | 6 first time the language
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P a g e | 8 to describe constrictor
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P a g e | 10 Hammock: The Spanish c
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P a g e | 12 the world and later br
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P a g e | 14 Once again, these word
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P a g e | 16 V Research Limitations
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P a g e | 18 cigar made out of the
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P a g e | 20 in the surviving cousi
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P a g e | 22 Pic.4 Hoyo de Sanabe C
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P a g e | 24 Higüera es árbol gra
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P a g e | 26 y los otros de allá a
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P a g e | 28 porque nacan quiere de
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P a g e | 30 of the mainland such a
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P a g e | 32 describe the name of t
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P a g e | 34 […] el gobernador de
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P a g e | 36 […] nos habíamos de
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P a g e | 38 island of the guano of
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P a g e | 40 significance because i
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P a g e | 42 paragraph, de Las Casa
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P a g e | 44 23, 1533 were the enco
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P a g e | 46 certain familiarity an
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P a g e | 48 ‘hanging’ and atab
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P a g e | 50 the different Arawak l
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P a g e | 52 a)—Mentions in a 151
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P a g e | 54 Diaz del Castillo in 1
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P a g e | 56 Y una mañana, que fue
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P a g e | 58 ‘not’ + guayacan >
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P a g e | 60 The above quote and il
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P a g e | 62 words did not make it
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P a g e | 64 other words meaning
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P a g e | 66 common item to give an
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P a g e | 68 assi, es entre las rel
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P a g e | 70 Con frutas de siguapas
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P a g e | 72 cacique, dijo por señ
Page 75 and 76: P a g e | 74 ‘uppermost’ + ya >
Page 77 and 78: P a g e | 76 differentiation of the
Page 79 and 80: P a g e | 78 chief of that place, w
Page 81 and 82: P a g e | 80 garden’. It is corre
Page 83 and 84: P a g e | 82 Pic.25 Pic.26 Pic.27 P
Page 85 and 86: P a g e | 84 y en esta Española, y
Page 87 and 88: P a g e | 86 into its etymology. Ho
Page 89 and 90: P a g e | 88 and a paragraph in Cha
Page 91 and 92: P a g e | 90 the place where this t
Page 93 and 94: P a g e | 92 Pic.33, 34 Taino trigo
Page 95 and 96: P a g e | 94 describing the term fr
Page 97 and 98: P a g e | 96 + sabra > Spanish corr
Page 99 and 100: P a g e | 98 the introduction of an
Page 101 and 102: P a g e | 100 Nonetheless, if we us
Page 103 and 104: P a g e | 102 However, what is impo
Page 105 and 106: P a g e | 104 hammock, sharing its
Page 107 and 108: P a g e | 106 y con muchos indios d
Page 109 and 110: P a g e | 108 The quote above is fr
Page 111 and 112: P a g e | 110 trees, but of high, a
Page 113 and 114: P a g e | 112 Éstas, por la lengua
Page 115 and 116: P a g e | 114 matase ni hiriese a n
Page 117 and 118: P a g e | 116 the epoch, but also f
Page 119 and 120: P a g e | 118 explain the prevalenc
Page 121 and 122: P a g e | 120 Pic.38 Duho distribut
Page 123 and 124: P a g e | 122 nytainos > ‘nobles
Page 125: P a g e | 124 am”, does not fit S
Page 129 and 130: P a g e | 128 after a battle won by
Page 131 and 132: P a g e | 130 This is relevant beca
Page 133 and 134: P a g e | 132 Yanomami of Venezuela
Page 135 and 136: P a g e | 134 linguistic registry o
Page 137 and 138: P a g e | 136 Additionally, if whil
Page 139 and 140: P a g e | 138 b) Encomienda system
Page 141 and 142: P a g e | 140 the Spanish who carri
Page 143 and 144: P a g e | 142 Casas, d. L. (2015).
Page 145 and 146: P a g e | 144 (2007). Caribbean Stu
Page 147: P a g e | 146 Robiou Lamarche, S. (
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Language of the Voiceless: Traces of Taino Language, Food, and Culture in the Americas From 1492 to the Present

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