Language of the Voiceless: Traces of Taino Language, Food, and Culture in the Americas From 1492 to the Present

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P a g e | 45 to a very wrinkled old man and that in many Spanish speaking places of the Caribbean the term used to describe something rough of abrasive or someone with low intelligence is seboruco 75 . The term axaruco or ajaruco is only mentioned one more time in the sequence of True History of the Conquest of New Spain to refer to a seaport. The next Taino word in the Diaz del Castillo’s paragraph examined above is Habana. This word is more prevalent within the body of the text. It means hanging basket. Its Taino meaning can be found in the section below of the other primary sources that mention the word prior to its use by Bernal Diaz del Castillo. Number of Mentions of the word Habana in The True History of the Conquest of New Spain including the cross reference of the three manuscripts: (89). Within the body of the main text: (41) Other Primary Sources Mentions of the possible Taino origin of the word Habana: a)—Mentions in Fernandez de Oviedo’s Historia general y natural de las Indias: En ésta vuelta se hallaron en el campo é por donde tornamos alguna ropa de mantas é hamacas é siete mili pessos de oró ó más, en diversas piecas, labrado, escondido entre las malas en cinco ó seys partes, puesto en sus havas ó cestas 76 . In the text above, Fernandez de Oviedo mentions the Taino name havas which means basket. However, the use of the Spanish disjunctive correlative conjunction ó > ‘or’ to provide mutually exclusive meaning to the Spanish word cestas seems to indicate 75 (Española, 2019) 76 (Fernandez de Oviedo, 1853, p. 51)
P a g e | 46 certain familiarity and commonality of use of both terms by the writer of the quote. This hints to a possible idiomatic mixture between Spanish and Taino as early as the 1500s. Abordo: b)—Mentions in Christopher Columbus’ journal of the first voyager or Diario de aquella tierra era Tierra Firme muy grande que va mucho al norte, y que el rey de aquella tierra tenía guerra con el Gran Can, al cual ellos llamaban Cami, y a su tierra o ciudad Faba y otros muchos nombres. As previously mentioned in page fifteen, the above citation of Columbus’s Journal is of extreme importance because for the first time in the Chronicles of the new world the Taino words for god or xemí and haba, xaba or fgaba or place or things that hang are mentioned in a text. This prefix ha can be found in many surviving Taino terms such as hamaca > ‘hammock or hanging bed’ (also mentioned in the quote above). Also, in the words jaquima > ‘horse leash’, jaquimeyes > ‘liana’, ‘hanging vine’, or ‘ivy’, and in the word Häití > ‘land of high steep picks’. However, one thing not mentioned in the cited page is that Columbus mistakenly uses the Latin term faba to describe the Taino word hava. The etymon faba (phonetically employed by Columbus) is the derivative of the Spanish word haba which is a voice used to name a type of bean very common in pre-Columbian diet and very popular in the diet of most Latin- American countries today. The true importance of this phonetic confusion by Columbus in the text is the fact that he uses known terms to describe what is being understood based on his own linguistic registry. In the text, he confuses the Taino word for center or can with the Asian word for the great Khan and mislabels hava or hava-na or place of hanging
Page 1 and 2: Language of the Voiceless: Traces o
Page 3 and 4: P a g e | 2 CHAPTER I | AN INTRODUC
Page 5 and 6: P a g e | 4 European languages such
Page 7 and 8: P a g e | 6 first time the language
Page 9 and 10: P a g e | 8 to describe constrictor
Page 11 and 12: P a g e | 10 Hammock: The Spanish c
Page 13 and 14: P a g e | 12 the world and later br
Page 15 and 16: P a g e | 14 Once again, these word
Page 17 and 18: P a g e | 16 V Research Limitations
Page 19 and 20: P a g e | 18 cigar made out of the
Page 21 and 22: P a g e | 20 in the surviving cousi
Page 23 and 24: P a g e | 22 Pic.4 Hoyo de Sanabe C
Page 25 and 26: P a g e | 24 Higüera es árbol gra
Page 27 and 28: P a g e | 26 y los otros de allá a
Page 29 and 30: P a g e | 28 porque nacan quiere de
Page 31 and 32: P a g e | 30 of the mainland such a
Page 33 and 34: P a g e | 32 describe the name of t
Page 35 and 36: P a g e | 34 […] el gobernador de
Page 37 and 38: P a g e | 36 […] nos habíamos de
Page 39 and 40: P a g e | 38 island of the guano of
Page 41 and 42: P a g e | 40 significance because i
Page 43 and 44: P a g e | 42 paragraph, de Las Casa
Page 45: P a g e | 44 23, 1533 were the enco
Page 49 and 50: P a g e | 48 ‘hanging’ and atab
Page 51 and 52: P a g e | 50 the different Arawak l
Page 53 and 54: P a g e | 52 a)—Mentions in a 151
Page 55 and 56: P a g e | 54 Diaz del Castillo in 1
Page 57 and 58: P a g e | 56 Y una mañana, que fue
Page 59 and 60: P a g e | 58 ‘not’ + guayacan >
Page 61 and 62: P a g e | 60 The above quote and il
Page 63 and 64: P a g e | 62 words did not make it
Page 65 and 66: P a g e | 64 other words meaning
Page 67 and 68: P a g e | 66 common item to give an
Page 69 and 70: P a g e | 68 assi, es entre las rel
Page 71 and 72: P a g e | 70 Con frutas de siguapas
Page 73 and 74: P a g e | 72 cacique, dijo por señ
Page 75 and 76: P a g e | 74 ‘uppermost’ + ya >
Page 77 and 78: P a g e | 76 differentiation of the
Page 79 and 80: P a g e | 78 chief of that place, w
Page 81 and 82: P a g e | 80 garden’. It is corre
Page 83 and 84: P a g e | 82 Pic.25 Pic.26 Pic.27 P
Page 85 and 86: P a g e | 84 y en esta Española, y
Page 87 and 88: P a g e | 86 into its etymology. Ho
Page 89 and 90: P a g e | 88 and a paragraph in Cha
Page 91 and 92: P a g e | 90 the place where this t
Page 93 and 94: P a g e | 92 Pic.33, 34 Taino trigo
Page 95 and 96: P a g e | 94 describing the term fr
Page 97 and 98:
P a g e | 96 + sabra > Spanish corr
Page 99 and 100:
P a g e | 98 the introduction of an
Page 101 and 102:
P a g e | 100 Nonetheless, if we us
Page 103 and 104:
P a g e | 102 However, what is impo
Page 105 and 106:
P a g e | 104 hammock, sharing its
Page 107 and 108:
P a g e | 106 y con muchos indios d
Page 109 and 110:
P a g e | 108 The quote above is fr
Page 111 and 112:
P a g e | 110 trees, but of high, a
Page 113 and 114:
P a g e | 112 Éstas, por la lengua
Page 115 and 116:
P a g e | 114 matase ni hiriese a n
Page 117 and 118:
P a g e | 116 the epoch, but also f
Page 119 and 120:
P a g e | 118 explain the prevalenc
Page 121 and 122:
P a g e | 120 Pic.38 Duho distribut
Page 123 and 124:
P a g e | 122 nytainos > ‘nobles
Page 125 and 126:
P a g e | 124 am”, does not fit S
Page 127 and 128:
P a g e | 126 (Nahuatl), tunuum (Mi
Page 129 and 130:
P a g e | 128 after a battle won by
Page 131 and 132:
P a g e | 130 This is relevant beca
Page 133 and 134:
P a g e | 132 Yanomami of Venezuela
Page 135 and 136:
P a g e | 134 linguistic registry o
Page 137 and 138:
P a g e | 136 Additionally, if whil
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P a g e | 138 b) Encomienda system
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P a g e | 140 the Spanish who carri
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P a g e | 142 Casas, d. L. (2015).
Page 145 and 146:
P a g e | 144 (2007). Caribbean Stu
Page 147:
P a g e | 146 Robiou Lamarche, S. (
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Language of the Voiceless: Traces of Taino Language, Food, and Culture in the Americas From 1492 to the Present

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