Language of the Voiceless: Traces of Taino Language, Food, and Culture in the Americas From 1492 to the Present

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P a g e | 95 Chapter VIII, page 41 True History of the Conquest of New Spain […] y el Pedro de Ávila y unos indios de La Habana, muy buenos remeros, que traíamos alquilados, hobimos de dar al través entre unos seborucos, que los hay muy grandes en aquel paraje. Por manera que se nos quebró la canoa y el Ávila perdió su hacienda, y salimos descalabrados y desnudos en carnes… […] no había camino por la costa, sino por unos seborucos y malpaíses, que ansí se dice, que son unas piedras que pasan las plantas de los pies; y las olas, que siempre reventaban y daban en nosotros. The next Taino word in the sequence of BDC’s text is what I consider one of the first mestizo terms in the continent, seboruco > ‘rough terrain’, ‘rocky’. Although, its etymology was analyzed earlier in this research in pages 29 and 30 as the combination of the terms ciba-o > ‘great river of rocks’ and ruco > ‘rough’, ‘rocky’, ‘harsh’, it is necessary to place this word in the historical context and the mestization process of the Spanish language during the first twenty years of intercultural relations with the natives of the Caribbean in order to understand its importance. Like many of its counterparts, this word seemed to have appeared together with a series of other mix voices within the first fifteen years of the conquest. Words like haquima, guazábara, among others, often combined the Taino term with the corrupted Spanish synonym as one single word as a kind of portmanteau. For example, ha > ‘hanging’ (Taino) + quima > Spanish corruption of equine = haquima > ‘horse leash’. The other term, gua > ‘thorn’ (Taino)
P a g e | 96 + sabra > Spanish corruption of sábila = guazábara > ‘thorny cacti’ or ‘aloe’. This was a common occurrence of the pre-mainland colonial Spanish, so much so, that later in the sequence of BDC text, page 29 to be precise, we are presented with another one of those Taino—Spanish words, the toponym, Yaguarama used to refer to a town in Cuba. This town is known today as Yaguaramas, which is the junction of the Taino word yagua > ‘upper dry cortex of palm trees used for bohío making’ and the Spanish ramas > ‘lieves’ with the plural s. Once again, this fusion of words was very common in the Spanish spoken during pre-mainland invasion. However, although the word seboruco was not added to the Spanish language official word list until recently, the Academia Española now defines the term as a Cuban word meaning ‘porous rocks’. It is surprising that it took the meaning of this word this long to make it into the official dictionary when its definition was already established by Bernal Diaz del Castillo as early as 1517 during the expedition of Francisco Hernandez de Córdoba, described in the quote in question. In the text, BDC states that “they had to walk along some rough terrains and seborucos, which are some rocks that cut the soles of the feet”. It is remarkable that the writer of the text uses the term as a common expression and later in the same sentence has the need to explain the meaning of the term and emphasized “it is said that way” at least three times, as if writing for an audience not yet familiarized with the term. It is also noticeable that by making that note BCD seems to be hinting at a possible series of utterances that had become normalized among the Spanish population of the islands, but yet known for the
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Language of the Voiceless: Traces o
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P a g e | 2 CHAPTER I | AN INTRODUC
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P a g e | 10 Hammock: The Spanish c
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P a g e | 16 V Research Limitations
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P a g e | 20 in the surviving cousi
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P a g e | 22 Pic.4 Hoyo de Sanabe C
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P a g e | 24 Higüera es árbol gra
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P a g e | 26 y los otros de allá a
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P a g e | 28 porque nacan quiere de
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P a g e | 30 of the mainland such a
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P a g e | 32 describe the name of t
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P a g e | 34 […] el gobernador de
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P a g e | 36 […] nos habíamos de
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P a g e | 38 island of the guano of
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P a g e | 40 significance because i
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P a g e | 42 paragraph, de Las Casa
Page 45 and 46: P a g e | 44 23, 1533 were the enco
Page 47 and 48: P a g e | 46 certain familiarity an
Page 49 and 50: P a g e | 48 ‘hanging’ and atab
Page 51 and 52: P a g e | 50 the different Arawak l
Page 53 and 54: P a g e | 52 a)—Mentions in a 151
Page 55 and 56: P a g e | 54 Diaz del Castillo in 1
Page 57 and 58: P a g e | 56 Y una mañana, que fue
Page 59 and 60: P a g e | 58 ‘not’ + guayacan >
Page 61 and 62: P a g e | 60 The above quote and il
Page 63 and 64: P a g e | 62 words did not make it
Page 65 and 66: P a g e | 64 other words meaning
Page 67 and 68: P a g e | 66 common item to give an
Page 69 and 70: P a g e | 68 assi, es entre las rel
Page 71 and 72: P a g e | 70 Con frutas de siguapas
Page 73 and 74: P a g e | 72 cacique, dijo por señ
Page 75 and 76: P a g e | 74 ‘uppermost’ + ya >
Page 77 and 78: P a g e | 76 differentiation of the
Page 79 and 80: P a g e | 78 chief of that place, w
Page 81 and 82: P a g e | 80 garden’. It is corre
Page 83 and 84: P a g e | 82 Pic.25 Pic.26 Pic.27 P
Page 85 and 86: P a g e | 84 y en esta Española, y
Page 87 and 88: P a g e | 86 into its etymology. Ho
Page 89 and 90: P a g e | 88 and a paragraph in Cha
Page 91 and 92: P a g e | 90 the place where this t
Page 93 and 94: P a g e | 92 Pic.33, 34 Taino trigo
Page 95: P a g e | 94 describing the term fr
Page 99 and 100: P a g e | 98 the introduction of an
Page 101 and 102: P a g e | 100 Nonetheless, if we us
Page 103 and 104: P a g e | 102 However, what is impo
Page 105 and 106: P a g e | 104 hammock, sharing its
Page 107 and 108: P a g e | 106 y con muchos indios d
Page 109 and 110: P a g e | 108 The quote above is fr
Page 111 and 112: P a g e | 110 trees, but of high, a
Page 113 and 114: P a g e | 112 Éstas, por la lengua
Page 115 and 116: P a g e | 114 matase ni hiriese a n
Page 117 and 118: P a g e | 116 the epoch, but also f
Page 119 and 120: P a g e | 118 explain the prevalenc
Page 121 and 122: P a g e | 120 Pic.38 Duho distribut
Page 123 and 124: P a g e | 122 nytainos > ‘nobles
Page 125 and 126: P a g e | 124 am”, does not fit S
Page 127 and 128: P a g e | 126 (Nahuatl), tunuum (Mi
Page 129 and 130: P a g e | 128 after a battle won by
Page 131 and 132: P a g e | 130 This is relevant beca
Page 133 and 134: P a g e | 132 Yanomami of Venezuela
Page 135 and 136: P a g e | 134 linguistic registry o
Page 137 and 138: P a g e | 136 Additionally, if whil
Page 139 and 140: P a g e | 138 b) Encomienda system
Page 141 and 142: P a g e | 140 the Spanish who carri
Page 143 and 144: P a g e | 142 Casas, d. L. (2015).
Page 145 and 146: P a g e | 144 (2007). Caribbean Stu
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P a g e | 146 Robiou Lamarche, S. (
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Language of the Voiceless: Traces of Taino Language, Food, and Culture in the Americas From 1492 to the Present

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