Language of the Voiceless: Traces of Taino Language, Food, and Culture in the Americas From 1492 to the Present

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P a g e | 13 Savannah (as in Savannah Georgia or African Savannah): This was the Taino word used to describe a large extension or flat grassy land. In today’s terms, the word “savannah” means exactly that, an open plain of long grass with scattered drought-resistant trees. This was adopted from the Taino into postclassical Latin in 1516 as zauana and into Spanish in 1519 as çavana (now sabana). In the late 1600s, savannah began to be used in the English colonies of North America to mean a marsh, bog, or other damp or low - lying ground. Tobacco: There has been a small degree of controversy establishing the Taino origin of this word. According to The American Heritage Dictionary the Spanish may have been influenced by a similar Arabic word for a Mediterranean medicinal plant and used the term in the New World. However, some primary sources of the conquest seem to attribute the word to Taino ceremonial tradition in three different forms of smoking the plant. The first, Tabaco-Cohiba (employed in the Western Taino kingdoms of Kuba, Xamaica and Bahamaa) which according to Spanish historian Bartolomé de las Casas applied to a roll of dried leaves that was smoked like a cigar 17 . Second, according to Gonzales de Oviedo, the Spanish word tabaco derived from an Eastern Taino word used to describe the pipe used for smoking the cohiba leaves 18 . Third, 1552 Bartolomé de las Casas stated that the word applied to a roll of dried leaves that was smoked like a cigar by the Taino people of Haiti. 17 Las Casas, A Short Account. 18 Oviedo, Historia general.
P a g e | 14 Once again, these words were chosen because of their existence in the English language. The rest of the words will be introduced as they become relevant to the different linguistic, etymological and ethnological analysis of this study. IV. Background The terms in the list above were chosen because of their widespread adoption in the English language and familiarity to all who speak it. However, the main contributions of the Taino language and culture can be found hidden within the Spanish lexicon and within the culture of the great continental empires like the Aztecs, Incas, Mayas and its descendants today. The language used by many Spaniards in their chronicles is full of Taino words, religious imagery and cultural reference. Moreover, many Taino words and traditions at times can be found among groups with no geographical or pre-Columbian evidence of contact, thus suggesting a Taino presence within the conquest. During the early period of the transcontinental invasion, the Taino lexicon was so common that it substituted frequently used Aztec and Inca words. Words like maguey forced the Aztec agabe to change its meaning 19 ; aji (hot pepper) coexisted and became part of the Aztec vocabulary along with their own word chile; piragua and canoe forced the word almadía out of the Spanish use, only 19 Manuel Alvarez Nazario, Arqueología lingüística: estudios modernos dirigidos al rescate y reconstruccion del Arahuaco Taino (San Juan: Universidad de Puerto Rico, 1996).
Page 1 and 2: Language of the Voiceless: Traces o
Page 3 and 4: P a g e | 2 CHAPTER I | AN INTRODUC
Page 5 and 6: P a g e | 4 European languages such
Page 7 and 8: P a g e | 6 first time the language
Page 9 and 10: P a g e | 8 to describe constrictor
Page 11 and 12: P a g e | 10 Hammock: The Spanish c
Page 13: P a g e | 12 the world and later br
Page 17 and 18: P a g e | 16 V Research Limitations
Page 19 and 20: P a g e | 18 cigar made out of the
Page 21 and 22: P a g e | 20 in the surviving cousi
Page 23 and 24: P a g e | 22 Pic.4 Hoyo de Sanabe C
Page 25 and 26: P a g e | 24 Higüera es árbol gra
Page 27 and 28: P a g e | 26 y los otros de allá a
Page 29 and 30: P a g e | 28 porque nacan quiere de
Page 31 and 32: P a g e | 30 of the mainland such a
Page 33 and 34: P a g e | 32 describe the name of t
Page 35 and 36: P a g e | 34 […] el gobernador de
Page 37 and 38: P a g e | 36 […] nos habíamos de
Page 39 and 40: P a g e | 38 island of the guano of
Page 41 and 42: P a g e | 40 significance because i
Page 43 and 44: P a g e | 42 paragraph, de Las Casa
Page 45 and 46: P a g e | 44 23, 1533 were the enco
Page 47 and 48: P a g e | 46 certain familiarity an
Page 49 and 50: P a g e | 48 ‘hanging’ and atab
Page 51 and 52: P a g e | 50 the different Arawak l
Page 53 and 54: P a g e | 52 a)—Mentions in a 151
Page 55 and 56: P a g e | 54 Diaz del Castillo in 1
Page 57 and 58: P a g e | 56 Y una mañana, que fue
Page 59 and 60: P a g e | 58 ‘not’ + guayacan >
Page 61 and 62: P a g e | 60 The above quote and il
Page 63 and 64: P a g e | 62 words did not make it
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P a g e | 64 other words meaning
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P a g e | 66 common item to give an
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P a g e | 68 assi, es entre las rel
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P a g e | 70 Con frutas de siguapas
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P a g e | 72 cacique, dijo por señ
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P a g e | 74 ‘uppermost’ + ya >
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P a g e | 76 differentiation of the
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P a g e | 78 chief of that place, w
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P a g e | 80 garden’. It is corre
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P a g e | 82 Pic.25 Pic.26 Pic.27 P
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P a g e | 84 y en esta Española, y
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P a g e | 86 into its etymology. Ho
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P a g e | 88 and a paragraph in Cha
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P a g e | 90 the place where this t
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P a g e | 92 Pic.33, 34 Taino trigo
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P a g e | 94 describing the term fr
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P a g e | 96 + sabra > Spanish corr
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P a g e | 98 the introduction of an
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P a g e | 100 Nonetheless, if we us
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P a g e | 102 However, what is impo
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P a g e | 104 hammock, sharing its
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P a g e | 106 y con muchos indios d
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P a g e | 108 The quote above is fr
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P a g e | 110 trees, but of high, a
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P a g e | 112 Éstas, por la lengua
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P a g e | 114 matase ni hiriese a n
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P a g e | 116 the epoch, but also f
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P a g e | 118 explain the prevalenc
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P a g e | 120 Pic.38 Duho distribut
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P a g e | 122 nytainos > ‘nobles
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P a g e | 124 am”, does not fit S
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P a g e | 126 (Nahuatl), tunuum (Mi
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P a g e | 128 after a battle won by
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P a g e | 130 This is relevant beca
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P a g e | 132 Yanomami of Venezuela
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P a g e | 134 linguistic registry o
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P a g e | 136 Additionally, if whil
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P a g e | 138 b) Encomienda system
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P a g e | 140 the Spanish who carri
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P a g e | 142 Casas, d. L. (2015).
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P a g e | 144 (2007). Caribbean Stu
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P a g e | 146 Robiou Lamarche, S. (
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Language of the Voiceless: Traces of Taino Language, Food, and Culture in the Americas From 1492 to the Present

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