Language of the Voiceless: Traces of Taino Language, Food, and Culture in the Americas From 1492 to the Present

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P a g e | 57 Pic. 13 Canoa Pic. 14 Canarí Pic. 15 macana Pic. 16 cana If we use the symbolic comparative method to analyze their morphology it can be observed that canoa is a fusion of can > ‘center’ and the suffix oa > ‘to dig’, ‘foundation’, ‘hole’, ‘stuck’, and possibly, ‘town’ e.g coa > ‘tool for farming’, ocoa > ‘great hole’, Harabacoa > ‘town (Hisp.)’, Guanabacoa > ‘town (Cuba)’, barbacoa > ‘wooden grill’ used to smoke and cook fish and meats (mostly sea mammals). The word canarí 90 is a combination of can and the suffixes r > ‘place’ and the adverbial íx > ‘it looks like’, which could be translated as ‘thing that looks like a canoa fixed at a place’. The word macana is the amalgamation of the negative auxiliary prefix ma > ‘not’ + cana = ‘it’s not a palm tree’. In addition, the word cana means ‘palm tree’. However, it is important to note that this combination of can and the repetitive use of the negative auxiliary verb form to describe an object contrary to its logical appearance seems to be a common element in Taino phonology. Examples of this linguistic tendency can be found in very important elements of Taino culture and cosmovision such as mayohuacan > ‘areyto drum’. This word is the fusion of ma > 90 (Coll y Toste, 1897)
P a g e | 58 ‘not’ + guayacan > ‘hard centered tree’ = mayohuac’n 91 > ‘it is not a guayacan tree’. Pic. 17 Oviedo: atambor 92 The same structure can be identified in the word maco > ‘frog’, composed of ma > ‘not’ + ku > ‘friend(ly), sacred, enlighten’ = ‘unfriendly, unholy’. Lastly, in the word Maguana (cacique kingdom of Hispaniola) > ma > ‘not’ + guana > ‘flexible’. This word could also mean the ‘guanaha’ people. Therefore, it could be transliterated as ‘not flexible’ or ‘we are not guanaha’. Moreover, the same structure, but with an opposite adverbial function is found in the word iguana > ‘looks like guano’ or ‘it’s flexible’. Particularly, it is crucial to mention that in some instances, depending on its colocation and the surrounding words, the morpheme ma could also mean ‘big’, ‘great’ or ‘vast’ e.g. Managua > ‘great loincloth’, caguama > ‘great sea turtle’, mamey > ‘very sweet fruit’, manatí > ‘big mammal’+ í > ‘intense’. This very marked difference between ma as a negative and ma as an adjective could represent the possibility of the existence of two completely independent Taino phonemes victims of the Spanish lexicalization of the writings, thus turning them into an analogous grapheme or allograph known as ma. Speculatively, one of them might well have had a nonpulmonic 91 (Pane, 1498) 92 (Fernanadez de Oviedo, 1535 - 1557)
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Language of the Voiceless: Traces o
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P a g e | 2 CHAPTER I | AN INTRODUC
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P a g e | 4 European languages such
Page 7 and 8: P a g e | 6 first time the language
Page 9 and 10: P a g e | 8 to describe constrictor
Page 11 and 12: P a g e | 10 Hammock: The Spanish c
Page 13 and 14: P a g e | 12 the world and later br
Page 15 and 16: P a g e | 14 Once again, these word
Page 17 and 18: P a g e | 16 V Research Limitations
Page 19 and 20: P a g e | 18 cigar made out of the
Page 21 and 22: P a g e | 20 in the surviving cousi
Page 23 and 24: P a g e | 22 Pic.4 Hoyo de Sanabe C
Page 25 and 26: P a g e | 24 Higüera es árbol gra
Page 27 and 28: P a g e | 26 y los otros de allá a
Page 29 and 30: P a g e | 28 porque nacan quiere de
Page 31 and 32: P a g e | 30 of the mainland such a
Page 33 and 34: P a g e | 32 describe the name of t
Page 35 and 36: P a g e | 34 […] el gobernador de
Page 37 and 38: P a g e | 36 […] nos habíamos de
Page 39 and 40: P a g e | 38 island of the guano of
Page 41 and 42: P a g e | 40 significance because i
Page 43 and 44: P a g e | 42 paragraph, de Las Casa
Page 45 and 46: P a g e | 44 23, 1533 were the enco
Page 47 and 48: P a g e | 46 certain familiarity an
Page 49 and 50: P a g e | 48 ‘hanging’ and atab
Page 51 and 52: P a g e | 50 the different Arawak l
Page 53 and 54: P a g e | 52 a)—Mentions in a 151
Page 55 and 56: P a g e | 54 Diaz del Castillo in 1
Page 57: P a g e | 56 Y una mañana, que fue
Page 61 and 62: P a g e | 60 The above quote and il
Page 63 and 64: P a g e | 62 words did not make it
Page 65 and 66: P a g e | 64 other words meaning
Page 67 and 68: P a g e | 66 common item to give an
Page 69 and 70: P a g e | 68 assi, es entre las rel
Page 71 and 72: P a g e | 70 Con frutas de siguapas
Page 73 and 74: P a g e | 72 cacique, dijo por señ
Page 75 and 76: P a g e | 74 ‘uppermost’ + ya >
Page 77 and 78: P a g e | 76 differentiation of the
Page 79 and 80: P a g e | 78 chief of that place, w
Page 81 and 82: P a g e | 80 garden’. It is corre
Page 83 and 84: P a g e | 82 Pic.25 Pic.26 Pic.27 P
Page 85 and 86: P a g e | 84 y en esta Española, y
Page 87 and 88: P a g e | 86 into its etymology. Ho
Page 89 and 90: P a g e | 88 and a paragraph in Cha
Page 91 and 92: P a g e | 90 the place where this t
Page 93 and 94: P a g e | 92 Pic.33, 34 Taino trigo
Page 95 and 96: P a g e | 94 describing the term fr
Page 97 and 98: P a g e | 96 + sabra > Spanish corr
Page 99 and 100: P a g e | 98 the introduction of an
Page 101 and 102: P a g e | 100 Nonetheless, if we us
Page 103 and 104: P a g e | 102 However, what is impo
Page 105 and 106: P a g e | 104 hammock, sharing its
Page 107 and 108: P a g e | 106 y con muchos indios d
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P a g e | 108 The quote above is fr
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P a g e | 110 trees, but of high, a
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P a g e | 112 Éstas, por la lengua
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P a g e | 114 matase ni hiriese a n
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P a g e | 116 the epoch, but also f
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P a g e | 118 explain the prevalenc
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P a g e | 120 Pic.38 Duho distribut
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P a g e | 122 nytainos > ‘nobles
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P a g e | 124 am”, does not fit S
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P a g e | 126 (Nahuatl), tunuum (Mi
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P a g e | 128 after a battle won by
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P a g e | 130 This is relevant beca
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P a g e | 132 Yanomami of Venezuela
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P a g e | 134 linguistic registry o
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P a g e | 136 Additionally, if whil
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P a g e | 138 b) Encomienda system
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P a g e | 140 the Spanish who carri
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P a g e | 142 Casas, d. L. (2015).
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P a g e | 144 (2007). Caribbean Stu
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P a g e | 146 Robiou Lamarche, S. (
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Language of the Voiceless: Traces of Taino Language, Food, and Culture in the Americas From 1492 to the Present

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