Language of the Voiceless: Traces of Taino Language, Food, and Culture in the Americas From 1492 to the Present

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P a g e | 87 Number of mentions of the word Jamaica in The True History of the Conquest of New Spain including the cross reference of the three manuscripts: 41 Other Primary Sources mentions of the possible origin of the word Jamaica: a)— In Hernando Colón’s Historia del Almirante: Cómo el Almirante descubrió la isla de Jamaica Sábado, a 3 de Mayo, resolvió el Almirante ir desde Cuba a Jamaica, por no dejarla atrás sin saber si era verdadera la fama del mucho oro que, en todas las otras islas, se afirmaba haber en aquélla; y con buen tiempo, estando a la mitad del camino, la divisó el domingo siguiente. […] por las costas de Santo Domingo en el verano de 1502! ¡O la escena de Jamaica aprovechando un eclipse de luna para intimidar a los indios y tenerlos sumisos! 133 These two above quotes from Ferdinand Columbus’ text give us some of the first ever mentions of this word and place this term in the Taino context as early as 1502. In these quotes, the second son of Columbus states that, during the second voyage, the admiral went from Cuba to Jamaica on May 3 rd and that, taking advantage of an eclipse in the summer of 1502, he used the event to impress and intimidate the Indians into submission. Nonetheless, it is necessary to make another crucial observation with regard to the geographical description of Ferdinand Columbus’ quotes about Cuba and Jamaica 133 (Colón, 1571)
P a g e | 88 and a paragraph in Chapter VII of BDC’s text about the language of the island of Cozumel. This is perhaps one of the most solid pieces of evidence about the linguistic knowledge and familiarity of the Spanish crew with the Taino languages and their variants. The text reads as follow: Pues estándoles aguardando, vino una india moza, de buen parecer, y comenzó de hablar en la lengua de la de Jamaica, y dijo que todos los indios e indias de aquel pueblo se habían ido huyendo a los montes de miedo. Y como muchos de nuestros soldados e yo entendimos muy bien aquella lengua, que es como la propia de Cuba, nos admiramos de vella y le preguntamos que cómo estaba allí; y dijo que habría dos años que dio al través con una canoa grande, en que iban a pescar desde la isla de Jamaica a unas isletas diez indios jamaicanos, y que las corrientes les echó en aquella tierra… 134 In the quote, BDC states that on the island of Cozumel they found a beautiful young Indian woman that spoke the language of Jamaica. However, what is truly impressive about this paragraph of the narrative, is his annotation that the language of Jamaica was like that of Cuba and that he and many of his soldiers spoke it very well. It is of extreme importance to note that the writer of the text not only admits that he speaks the Taino language, but he uses the emphatic expression “very well” to describe how much it is spoken. Another element to note is that the writer chose to employ the quantitative indefinite pronoun “many” instead of using “some, about, roughly, or a specific number”. Therefore, this combination of “many + very well” used by the writer to describe the extent of Taino speakers seems to hint to a prevalence of bilingualism among the crew that reached the mainland along with Cortés and Diaz del Castillo. Also, we cannot ignore that both Columbus and Diaz del Castillo, appear to be referring to a 134 (Diaz del Castillo, Historia Verdadera de la Conquista de la Nueva Espana| Aparato de Variantes, 1632)
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Language of the Voiceless: Traces o
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P a g e | 2 CHAPTER I | AN INTRODUC
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P a g e | 10 Hammock: The Spanish c
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P a g e | 16 V Research Limitations
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P a g e | 20 in the surviving cousi
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P a g e | 22 Pic.4 Hoyo de Sanabe C
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P a g e | 24 Higüera es árbol gra
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P a g e | 26 y los otros de allá a
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P a g e | 28 porque nacan quiere de
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P a g e | 30 of the mainland such a
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P a g e | 32 describe the name of t
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P a g e | 34 […] el gobernador de
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Page 39 and 40: P a g e | 38 island of the guano of
Page 41 and 42: P a g e | 40 significance because i
Page 43 and 44: P a g e | 42 paragraph, de Las Casa
Page 45 and 46: P a g e | 44 23, 1533 were the enco
Page 47 and 48: P a g e | 46 certain familiarity an
Page 49 and 50: P a g e | 48 ‘hanging’ and atab
Page 51 and 52: P a g e | 50 the different Arawak l
Page 53 and 54: P a g e | 52 a)—Mentions in a 151
Page 55 and 56: P a g e | 54 Diaz del Castillo in 1
Page 57 and 58: P a g e | 56 Y una mañana, que fue
Page 59 and 60: P a g e | 58 ‘not’ + guayacan >
Page 61 and 62: P a g e | 60 The above quote and il
Page 63 and 64: P a g e | 62 words did not make it
Page 65 and 66: P a g e | 64 other words meaning
Page 67 and 68: P a g e | 66 common item to give an
Page 69 and 70: P a g e | 68 assi, es entre las rel
Page 71 and 72: P a g e | 70 Con frutas de siguapas
Page 73 and 74: P a g e | 72 cacique, dijo por señ
Page 75 and 76: P a g e | 74 ‘uppermost’ + ya >
Page 77 and 78: P a g e | 76 differentiation of the
Page 79 and 80: P a g e | 78 chief of that place, w
Page 81 and 82: P a g e | 80 garden’. It is corre
Page 83 and 84: P a g e | 82 Pic.25 Pic.26 Pic.27 P
Page 85 and 86: P a g e | 84 y en esta Española, y
Page 87: P a g e | 86 into its etymology. Ho
Page 91 and 92: P a g e | 90 the place where this t
Page 93 and 94: P a g e | 92 Pic.33, 34 Taino trigo
Page 95 and 96: P a g e | 94 describing the term fr
Page 97 and 98: P a g e | 96 + sabra > Spanish corr
Page 99 and 100: P a g e | 98 the introduction of an
Page 101 and 102: P a g e | 100 Nonetheless, if we us
Page 103 and 104: P a g e | 102 However, what is impo
Page 105 and 106: P a g e | 104 hammock, sharing its
Page 107 and 108: P a g e | 106 y con muchos indios d
Page 109 and 110: P a g e | 108 The quote above is fr
Page 111 and 112: P a g e | 110 trees, but of high, a
Page 113 and 114: P a g e | 112 Éstas, por la lengua
Page 115 and 116: P a g e | 114 matase ni hiriese a n
Page 117 and 118: P a g e | 116 the epoch, but also f
Page 119 and 120: P a g e | 118 explain the prevalenc
Page 121 and 122: P a g e | 120 Pic.38 Duho distribut
Page 123 and 124: P a g e | 122 nytainos > ‘nobles
Page 125 and 126: P a g e | 124 am”, does not fit S
Page 127 and 128: P a g e | 126 (Nahuatl), tunuum (Mi
Page 129 and 130: P a g e | 128 after a battle won by
Page 131 and 132: P a g e | 130 This is relevant beca
Page 133 and 134: P a g e | 132 Yanomami of Venezuela
Page 135 and 136: P a g e | 134 linguistic registry o
Page 137 and 138: P a g e | 136 Additionally, if whil
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P a g e | 138 b) Encomienda system
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P a g e | 140 the Spanish who carri
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P a g e | 142 Casas, d. L. (2015).
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P a g e | 144 (2007). Caribbean Stu
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P a g e | 146 Robiou Lamarche, S. (
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Language of the Voiceless: Traces of Taino Language, Food, and Culture in the Americas From 1492 to the Present

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