Language of the Voiceless: Traces of Taino Language, Food, and Culture in the Americas From 1492 to the Present

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P a g e | 135 Taino was no exception. Believed to have disappeared from the continent as early as 1458, it was necessary to trace the legacy of their language, culture, religion and cosmovision across the Spanish and European records of the conquest of the continent and see if this assertion was true. Therefore, a central text was chosen due to its place in the historical chronology of the conquest and after analyzing it the following data were obtained: Percentage of Indigenous American Words in the True History of the Conquest of New Spain Percentage of Taino Words Percentage of Mainland Words from various languages (Nahuatl, Mayan, others) 39.5% 60.5% This percentage was established based on the etymological Comparative Method of linguistic analysis. With this method, suspected words would be disqualified or classified as Taino, based on their etymon relation to surviving genetic languages and based on their mention in at least one primary source prior to the conquest of New Spain. Secondary sources were used, but only if reputable in the historical records. Therefore, if the word met this criterion, it was classified as Taino and subtracted from the general pool of American words in the text. The word would then be counted for prevalence of usage in the central text and searched in the Spanish Academy of Language official database. This second part was done to establish continuance of usage.
P a g e | 136 Additionally, if while analyzing a particular word, another Taino term not present in the central text was found, this word would also be analyzed and transliterated in order to establish Taino cultural and linguistic prevalence. However, given their complexity, deviation and divergence, language and culture cannot be measured as direct numerical variants because linguistically speaking, words do not carry the same cultural weight. For example, Tenochtitlan (Nahuatl) and canoe (Taino) both count as one term in their respective numerical column. Yet, the Nahuatl substantive would only be relevant to that subject, while the Taino word has been adopted in most languages around the globe and has become a universal word. Because of this condition, words etymologically and historically identified as Taino, were then researched within other historical, literary, toponymic, cultural, religious references to analyze their cultural weight and impact. Taino Words in the True History of the Conquest of New Spain Still in use Disappeared or become archaic higüera, jícara, Cuba, cazabe, Axaruco, Guanahatabey, canoa, piragua, naguas, cacique, maíz, Jamaica, yuca, seboruco, bejuco, macana, henequén, mamey, sabana, naboria, ceiba, tabaco, barbacoa. Areyto, Xexen > ‘mosquitoe’ (only in use in Santo Domingo), Guanexex. Other Taino Words mentioned or analyzed in our research of the True History of the Conquest of New Spain
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Language of the Voiceless: Traces o
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P a g e | 2 CHAPTER I | AN INTRODUC
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P a g e | 4 European languages such
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P a g e | 6 first time the language
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P a g e | 8 to describe constrictor
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P a g e | 10 Hammock: The Spanish c
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P a g e | 12 the world and later br
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P a g e | 14 Once again, these word
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P a g e | 16 V Research Limitations
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P a g e | 18 cigar made out of the
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P a g e | 20 in the surviving cousi
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P a g e | 22 Pic.4 Hoyo de Sanabe C
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P a g e | 24 Higüera es árbol gra
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P a g e | 26 y los otros de allá a
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P a g e | 28 porque nacan quiere de
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P a g e | 30 of the mainland such a
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P a g e | 32 describe the name of t
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P a g e | 34 […] el gobernador de
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P a g e | 36 […] nos habíamos de
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P a g e | 38 island of the guano of
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P a g e | 40 significance because i
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P a g e | 42 paragraph, de Las Casa
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P a g e | 44 23, 1533 were the enco
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P a g e | 46 certain familiarity an
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P a g e | 48 ‘hanging’ and atab
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P a g e | 50 the different Arawak l
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P a g e | 52 a)—Mentions in a 151
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P a g e | 54 Diaz del Castillo in 1
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P a g e | 56 Y una mañana, que fue
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P a g e | 58 ‘not’ + guayacan >
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P a g e | 60 The above quote and il
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P a g e | 62 words did not make it
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P a g e | 64 other words meaning
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P a g e | 66 common item to give an
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P a g e | 68 assi, es entre las rel
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P a g e | 70 Con frutas de siguapas
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P a g e | 72 cacique, dijo por señ
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P a g e | 74 ‘uppermost’ + ya >
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P a g e | 76 differentiation of the
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P a g e | 78 chief of that place, w
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P a g e | 80 garden’. It is corre
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P a g e | 82 Pic.25 Pic.26 Pic.27 P
Page 85 and 86: P a g e | 84 y en esta Española, y
Page 87 and 88: P a g e | 86 into its etymology. Ho
Page 89 and 90: P a g e | 88 and a paragraph in Cha
Page 91 and 92: P a g e | 90 the place where this t
Page 93 and 94: P a g e | 92 Pic.33, 34 Taino trigo
Page 95 and 96: P a g e | 94 describing the term fr
Page 97 and 98: P a g e | 96 + sabra > Spanish corr
Page 99 and 100: P a g e | 98 the introduction of an
Page 101 and 102: P a g e | 100 Nonetheless, if we us
Page 103 and 104: P a g e | 102 However, what is impo
Page 105 and 106: P a g e | 104 hammock, sharing its
Page 107 and 108: P a g e | 106 y con muchos indios d
Page 109 and 110: P a g e | 108 The quote above is fr
Page 111 and 112: P a g e | 110 trees, but of high, a
Page 113 and 114: P a g e | 112 Éstas, por la lengua
Page 115 and 116: P a g e | 114 matase ni hiriese a n
Page 117 and 118: P a g e | 116 the epoch, but also f
Page 119 and 120: P a g e | 118 explain the prevalenc
Page 121 and 122: P a g e | 120 Pic.38 Duho distribut
Page 123 and 124: P a g e | 122 nytainos > ‘nobles
Page 125 and 126: P a g e | 124 am”, does not fit S
Page 127 and 128: P a g e | 126 (Nahuatl), tunuum (Mi
Page 129 and 130: P a g e | 128 after a battle won by
Page 131 and 132: P a g e | 130 This is relevant beca
Page 133 and 134: P a g e | 132 Yanomami of Venezuela
Page 135: P a g e | 134 linguistic registry o
Page 139 and 140: P a g e | 138 b) Encomienda system
Page 141 and 142: P a g e | 140 the Spanish who carri
Page 143 and 144: P a g e | 142 Casas, d. L. (2015).
Page 145 and 146: P a g e | 144 (2007). Caribbean Stu
Page 147: P a g e | 146 Robiou Lamarche, S. (
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Language of the Voiceless: Traces of Taino Language, Food, and Culture in the Americas From 1492 to the Present

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