Language of the Voiceless: Traces of Taino Language, Food, and Culture in the Americas From 1492 to the Present

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P a g e | 49 maca > ‘fish bone’ + bi = macabí > ‘very bony fish’. It is important to mention that in some instances of the Garifuna language we are encountered with the repetition of the plural bu, be, bí within words, but (given the dialectal nature of the Garifuna in all the Central American groups) these words have completely lost their original meaning. This linguistic evolution is common in many creole and dialectal languages were sounds are adopted as morphological blocks during the linguistic transitional process from pidgin to dialect to creole to language 79 . An example of this is found in the Garifuna word idibu > ‘tree’ which sounds just like the Lokono plural adabe > ‘forest’, yet the word for forest in Garifuna is árabu. It seems that both, the singular and plural in Garifuna carry the suffix bui as modifier, but (in the case of the singular) it serves no modifying function losing its plural morphology and just becoming a general cognate-word detached from its root. This illustrates the etymon-derivative-cognate relation between the Taino-Arawak and the Garifuna, with the second being a pidgin-dialect of the first. Therefore, it would be safe to argue that this comparative analysis of these surviving cousin languages of the Taino shed some light into the formation of the Taino plural as no, be and buí, thus sustaining that the use of the (s) in the text is a grammatical Spanish adaptation used by the writer for linguistic registry or dialectic assurance purpose. It could also signal the possible birth of a proto-pidgin language based on the speaker’s own reality as if the language employed by the writer was suffering its own transformations as well. Nonetheless, given its geographical location, this Guanahataveys region of Cuba was instrumental to the conquest of the continent. The map below is an outline of 79 (Crowley, 1997, p. 274)
P a g e | 50 the different Arawak linguistic groups that inhabited the Caribbean during the European’s arrival. In the map, the Guanahataveyes are depicted as a separate group like the Lukayos, Macorís, ciguayos, ciboneyes, and Caribs. However, de Las Casas states that they were part of a common linguistic cluster who understood one another using the Taino as a sort of Lingua Franca 80 , thus rendering the word Guanahataveyes (if not Taino) at least interrelated culturally and geographically to them. Pic. 9 Pre-Columbian Linguistic map of the Caribbean 81 It is important to note that according to Sebastian Robiou Lamarche, this Guanahatavey group was part of an earlier migratory archaic Soladoid cluster that populated the Caribbean prior to the Tainan domination of the region. This group was in part related to the Lucayos, Macoris and Ciguayos that lived scattered in the northern part of the Caribbean 82 and (as stated by Fray Ramon Pané 83 ) were subjects and lived along the Taino kingdoms. 80 (de Las Casas, 1875) 81 (Granberry, 2003, p. 8) 82 (Robiou Lamarche, 2003, p. 33) 83 (Pane, 1498, p. 8)
Page 1 and 2: Language of the Voiceless: Traces o
Page 3 and 4: P a g e | 2 CHAPTER I | AN INTRODUC
Page 5 and 6: P a g e | 4 European languages such
Page 7 and 8: P a g e | 6 first time the language
Page 9 and 10: P a g e | 8 to describe constrictor
Page 11 and 12: P a g e | 10 Hammock: The Spanish c
Page 13 and 14: P a g e | 12 the world and later br
Page 15 and 16: P a g e | 14 Once again, these word
Page 17 and 18: P a g e | 16 V Research Limitations
Page 19 and 20: P a g e | 18 cigar made out of the
Page 21 and 22: P a g e | 20 in the surviving cousi
Page 23 and 24: P a g e | 22 Pic.4 Hoyo de Sanabe C
Page 25 and 26: P a g e | 24 Higüera es árbol gra
Page 27 and 28: P a g e | 26 y los otros de allá a
Page 29 and 30: P a g e | 28 porque nacan quiere de
Page 31 and 32: P a g e | 30 of the mainland such a
Page 33 and 34: P a g e | 32 describe the name of t
Page 35 and 36: P a g e | 34 […] el gobernador de
Page 37 and 38: P a g e | 36 […] nos habíamos de
Page 39 and 40: P a g e | 38 island of the guano of
Page 41 and 42: P a g e | 40 significance because i
Page 43 and 44: P a g e | 42 paragraph, de Las Casa
Page 45 and 46: P a g e | 44 23, 1533 were the enco
Page 47 and 48: P a g e | 46 certain familiarity an
Page 49: P a g e | 48 ‘hanging’ and atab
Page 53 and 54: P a g e | 52 a)—Mentions in a 151
Page 55 and 56: P a g e | 54 Diaz del Castillo in 1
Page 57 and 58: P a g e | 56 Y una mañana, que fue
Page 59 and 60: P a g e | 58 ‘not’ + guayacan >
Page 61 and 62: P a g e | 60 The above quote and il
Page 63 and 64: P a g e | 62 words did not make it
Page 65 and 66: P a g e | 64 other words meaning
Page 67 and 68: P a g e | 66 common item to give an
Page 69 and 70: P a g e | 68 assi, es entre las rel
Page 71 and 72: P a g e | 70 Con frutas de siguapas
Page 73 and 74: P a g e | 72 cacique, dijo por señ
Page 75 and 76: P a g e | 74 ‘uppermost’ + ya >
Page 77 and 78: P a g e | 76 differentiation of the
Page 79 and 80: P a g e | 78 chief of that place, w
Page 81 and 82: P a g e | 80 garden’. It is corre
Page 83 and 84: P a g e | 82 Pic.25 Pic.26 Pic.27 P
Page 85 and 86: P a g e | 84 y en esta Española, y
Page 87 and 88: P a g e | 86 into its etymology. Ho
Page 89 and 90: P a g e | 88 and a paragraph in Cha
Page 91 and 92: P a g e | 90 the place where this t
Page 93 and 94: P a g e | 92 Pic.33, 34 Taino trigo
Page 95 and 96: P a g e | 94 describing the term fr
Page 97 and 98: P a g e | 96 + sabra > Spanish corr
Page 99 and 100: P a g e | 98 the introduction of an
Page 101 and 102:
P a g e | 100 Nonetheless, if we us
Page 103 and 104:
P a g e | 102 However, what is impo
Page 105 and 106:
P a g e | 104 hammock, sharing its
Page 107 and 108:
P a g e | 106 y con muchos indios d
Page 109 and 110:
P a g e | 108 The quote above is fr
Page 111 and 112:
P a g e | 110 trees, but of high, a
Page 113 and 114:
P a g e | 112 Éstas, por la lengua
Page 115 and 116:
P a g e | 114 matase ni hiriese a n
Page 117 and 118:
P a g e | 116 the epoch, but also f
Page 119 and 120:
P a g e | 118 explain the prevalenc
Page 121 and 122:
P a g e | 120 Pic.38 Duho distribut
Page 123 and 124:
P a g e | 122 nytainos > ‘nobles
Page 125 and 126:
P a g e | 124 am”, does not fit S
Page 127 and 128:
P a g e | 126 (Nahuatl), tunuum (Mi
Page 129 and 130:
P a g e | 128 after a battle won by
Page 131 and 132:
P a g e | 130 This is relevant beca
Page 133 and 134:
P a g e | 132 Yanomami of Venezuela
Page 135 and 136:
P a g e | 134 linguistic registry o
Page 137 and 138:
P a g e | 136 Additionally, if whil
Page 139 and 140:
P a g e | 138 b) Encomienda system
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P a g e | 140 the Spanish who carri
Page 143 and 144:
P a g e | 142 Casas, d. L. (2015).
Page 145 and 146:
P a g e | 144 (2007). Caribbean Stu
Page 147:
P a g e | 146 Robiou Lamarche, S. (
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Language of the Voiceless: Traces of Taino Language, Food, and Culture in the Americas From 1492 to the Present

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