Language of the Voiceless: Traces of Taino Language, Food, and Culture in the Americas From 1492 to the Present

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P a g e | 53 However, in this case Bernal Diaz’s spelling, the way it is worded seems to imitate the Taino pluralization of the word. This is said because, in the two quotes below from Columbus and de Las Casas we come across with a bilingual formation of the adverbialplural using the í or íx to refer to the same word. Amainaron todas las velas y quedaron con el treo, que es la vela grande, sin bonetas, y pusiéronse a la corda, temporizando hasta el día viernes, que llegaron a una isleta de los Lucayos que se llamaba en lengua de indios Guanahaní 87 This mention by Columbus of the Guanahaní is the first mention of this word in all the Chronicles of the conquest. However, he also introduced another very important word repeated by de Las Casas in the following quote, lucayos: Esta tierra era y es una isla de 15 leguas de luengo, poco más ó ménos, toda baja sin montaña alguna, como una huerta llena de arboleda verde y fresquísima, como son todas las de los lucayos que hay por allí, cerca desta Española, y se extienden por luengo de Cuba muchas, la cual se llamaba en lengua desta isla Española, y dellas, porque cuasi toda es una lengua y manera de hablar, Guanahaní, la última sílaba luenga y aguda 88 . As previously stated, what is of extreme importance in the quotes above is that when we find the Guanaha people naming themselves to Columbus and de Las Casas in 1492 the plural of choice is the adverbial í or íx e.g. Guanahaní as if they were employing the ethnonym instead of the qualifier. Whereas, when named by writers 20 and 60 years later in the conquest (as it is the case of Velazquez de Cuellar in 1514 and 87 (Colombus, 1493) 88 (Las Casas, 1875)
P a g e | 54 Diaz del Castillo in 1552) they are identified with the Taino plural bi, vey, bides, bey in conjunction with the Spanish (s) ending e.g. Guanahatabeyes as if the language of choice of the Chronicles was the Taino and this language had already suffered a mestizisation process of its own by assigning qualifiers to general terms. In linguistics time 20 years is a very long time, not to mention 60 as it was the case of Diaz del Castillo. Therefore, by the time of Diaz del Castillo’s writings of the events we seem to be presented with a Spanish language intertwined with the Taino. This is said because at the beginning of the True History of the Conquest of New Spain, page 7 to be precise, this group of Lucayo Indians is presented as guanexex phonetically spelled with the Spanish x which at the time was pronounced like the j e.g. Ximénez — Giménez, tixera —tijera, Xavier—Javier and with the adverbial ix imitating the guanaha people’s pronunciation of the word as depicted in the Columbus—de Las Casas’ texts, quoted earlier. This transition in Diaz del Castillo’s text could mean the presence of bilingualism, a transition in time between the event and the narrative or the possibility of different writers or sources for the published text. However, as we continue with the sequence of Diaz’s text, this word lucayos was omitted from the final version of the Aparato de Variantes but is in turn mentioned in the two other versions of the text, the prínceps and the Manuscrito Alegría. The text in the margins of the other two texts reads as follows: se conquistase, dio al través un navío en aquella costa: estuviese de paz dio al través por la costa del norte un navío que había ido desde la isla de Santo Domingo a buscar indios, que llamaban los lucayos, a unas islas que están entre Cuba y el canal de Bahama, que se llaman las islas de los Lucayos, y con mal tiempo dio al través en aquella costa. 89 89 (Diaz del Castillo, Historia Verdadera de la Conquista de la Nueva Espana| Aparato de Variantes, 1632)
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Language of the Voiceless: Traces o
Page 3 and 4: P a g e | 2 CHAPTER I | AN INTRODUC
Page 5 and 6: P a g e | 4 European languages such
Page 7 and 8: P a g e | 6 first time the language
Page 9 and 10: P a g e | 8 to describe constrictor
Page 11 and 12: P a g e | 10 Hammock: The Spanish c
Page 13 and 14: P a g e | 12 the world and later br
Page 15 and 16: P a g e | 14 Once again, these word
Page 17 and 18: P a g e | 16 V Research Limitations
Page 19 and 20: P a g e | 18 cigar made out of the
Page 21 and 22: P a g e | 20 in the surviving cousi
Page 23 and 24: P a g e | 22 Pic.4 Hoyo de Sanabe C
Page 25 and 26: P a g e | 24 Higüera es árbol gra
Page 27 and 28: P a g e | 26 y los otros de allá a
Page 29 and 30: P a g e | 28 porque nacan quiere de
Page 31 and 32: P a g e | 30 of the mainland such a
Page 33 and 34: P a g e | 32 describe the name of t
Page 35 and 36: P a g e | 34 […] el gobernador de
Page 37 and 38: P a g e | 36 […] nos habíamos de
Page 39 and 40: P a g e | 38 island of the guano of
Page 41 and 42: P a g e | 40 significance because i
Page 43 and 44: P a g e | 42 paragraph, de Las Casa
Page 45 and 46: P a g e | 44 23, 1533 were the enco
Page 47 and 48: P a g e | 46 certain familiarity an
Page 49 and 50: P a g e | 48 ‘hanging’ and atab
Page 51 and 52: P a g e | 50 the different Arawak l
Page 53: P a g e | 52 a)—Mentions in a 151
Page 57 and 58: P a g e | 56 Y una mañana, que fue
Page 59 and 60: P a g e | 58 ‘not’ + guayacan >
Page 61 and 62: P a g e | 60 The above quote and il
Page 63 and 64: P a g e | 62 words did not make it
Page 65 and 66: P a g e | 64 other words meaning
Page 67 and 68: P a g e | 66 common item to give an
Page 69 and 70: P a g e | 68 assi, es entre las rel
Page 71 and 72: P a g e | 70 Con frutas de siguapas
Page 73 and 74: P a g e | 72 cacique, dijo por señ
Page 75 and 76: P a g e | 74 ‘uppermost’ + ya >
Page 77 and 78: P a g e | 76 differentiation of the
Page 79 and 80: P a g e | 78 chief of that place, w
Page 81 and 82: P a g e | 80 garden’. It is corre
Page 83 and 84: P a g e | 82 Pic.25 Pic.26 Pic.27 P
Page 85 and 86: P a g e | 84 y en esta Española, y
Page 87 and 88: P a g e | 86 into its etymology. Ho
Page 89 and 90: P a g e | 88 and a paragraph in Cha
Page 91 and 92: P a g e | 90 the place where this t
Page 93 and 94: P a g e | 92 Pic.33, 34 Taino trigo
Page 95 and 96: P a g e | 94 describing the term fr
Page 97 and 98: P a g e | 96 + sabra > Spanish corr
Page 99 and 100: P a g e | 98 the introduction of an
Page 101 and 102: P a g e | 100 Nonetheless, if we us
Page 103 and 104: P a g e | 102 However, what is impo
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P a g e | 104 hammock, sharing its
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P a g e | 106 y con muchos indios d
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P a g e | 108 The quote above is fr
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P a g e | 110 trees, but of high, a
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P a g e | 112 Éstas, por la lengua
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P a g e | 114 matase ni hiriese a n
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P a g e | 116 the epoch, but also f
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P a g e | 118 explain the prevalenc
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P a g e | 120 Pic.38 Duho distribut
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P a g e | 122 nytainos > ‘nobles
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P a g e | 124 am”, does not fit S
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P a g e | 126 (Nahuatl), tunuum (Mi
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P a g e | 128 after a battle won by
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P a g e | 130 This is relevant beca
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P a g e | 132 Yanomami of Venezuela
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P a g e | 134 linguistic registry o
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P a g e | 136 Additionally, if whil
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P a g e | 138 b) Encomienda system
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P a g e | 140 the Spanish who carri
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P a g e | 142 Casas, d. L. (2015).
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P a g e | 144 (2007). Caribbean Stu
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P a g e | 146 Robiou Lamarche, S. (
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Language of the Voiceless: Traces of Taino Language, Food, and Culture in the Americas From 1492 to the Present

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