Language of the Voiceless: Traces of Taino Language, Food, and Culture in the Americas From 1492 to the Present

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P a g e | 71 customs and cosmovision in the language of the Conquerors and the peoples they conquered. However, this mission is going to be more challenging given the cultural parallelism of the peoples of the mainland which, as stated before, seem to have a very old pre-Columbian connection with the Taino. Therefore, we are going to shift our focus from primary source as the base of Taino connection in lieu of the etymological Comparative Method in order to better differentiate Taino terms from the other languages of the text such as the Nahuatl, Mayan, Yucatec, etc. Below is one of the very first maps from 1511 of the continental mainland in relation to the already conquered Caribbean by Peter Martyr. PIC. 23 112 Chapter II, page 11 True History of the Conquest of New Spain Y estuvieron mirando por un buen rato los navíos. Y el más principal dellos, que era 112 (Martyris Ab Angleria, 1457-1526)
P a g e | 72 cacique, dijo por señas que se querían tornar en sus canoas y irse a su pueblo; que para otro día volverían y traerían más canoas en que saltásemos en tierra The next Taino word in the sequence is cacique or cacixke translated as chief, king, monarch, ruler, etc. However, this word was one of those words that (like canoa and maguey) rapidly became part of the Spanish vernacular that colonized the Aztec, Inca and Maya kingdoms of the mainland. From Tierra del Fuego in the southernmost part of the continent to the shores of Puerto Valdez, in Alaska, time and time again we are presented with chronicles, letters and general bureaucratic documents with this word incorporated into the language of soldiers and government officials alike. It is as if cacique was the word of choice to designate—as stated by the Academia Española—any chief or Indian leader. However, regarding the etymology of cacique we are presented with a unique window into Taino phonology. The suffix ique or ike, is found hidden within another surviving Taino word, behíque. This word, as previously defined in pages above, is related to the Garifuna buyai and the Vaipurá payé used to designate a shaman, a sage or wise man or a healer, and at times, all of them combined. It is striking that both the cacique and the behique, which according to de Las Casas, represented the highest status positions within Taino society related to decision making, guidance and leadership share the same ending. While the cacique was the chiefdom’s sociopolitical leader, the behique was the spiritual one. However, it is in Lokono where we find a comparable term for this ending in the word isic > ‘head’, which could hint to a possible association of the Taino suffix ike with ‘guidance’, ‘leadership’, or like in its Lokono
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Language of the Voiceless: Traces o
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P a g e | 2 CHAPTER I | AN INTRODUC
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P a g e | 4 European languages such
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P a g e | 6 first time the language
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P a g e | 8 to describe constrictor
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P a g e | 10 Hammock: The Spanish c
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P a g e | 12 the world and later br
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P a g e | 14 Once again, these word
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P a g e | 16 V Research Limitations
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P a g e | 18 cigar made out of the
Page 21 and 22: P a g e | 20 in the surviving cousi
Page 23 and 24: P a g e | 22 Pic.4 Hoyo de Sanabe C
Page 25 and 26: P a g e | 24 Higüera es árbol gra
Page 27 and 28: P a g e | 26 y los otros de allá a
Page 29 and 30: P a g e | 28 porque nacan quiere de
Page 31 and 32: P a g e | 30 of the mainland such a
Page 33 and 34: P a g e | 32 describe the name of t
Page 35 and 36: P a g e | 34 […] el gobernador de
Page 37 and 38: P a g e | 36 […] nos habíamos de
Page 39 and 40: P a g e | 38 island of the guano of
Page 41 and 42: P a g e | 40 significance because i
Page 43 and 44: P a g e | 42 paragraph, de Las Casa
Page 45 and 46: P a g e | 44 23, 1533 were the enco
Page 47 and 48: P a g e | 46 certain familiarity an
Page 49 and 50: P a g e | 48 ‘hanging’ and atab
Page 51 and 52: P a g e | 50 the different Arawak l
Page 53 and 54: P a g e | 52 a)—Mentions in a 151
Page 55 and 56: P a g e | 54 Diaz del Castillo in 1
Page 57 and 58: P a g e | 56 Y una mañana, que fue
Page 59 and 60: P a g e | 58 ‘not’ + guayacan >
Page 61 and 62: P a g e | 60 The above quote and il
Page 63 and 64: P a g e | 62 words did not make it
Page 65 and 66: P a g e | 64 other words meaning
Page 67 and 68: P a g e | 66 common item to give an
Page 69 and 70: P a g e | 68 assi, es entre las rel
Page 71: P a g e | 70 Con frutas de siguapas
Page 75 and 76: P a g e | 74 ‘uppermost’ + ya >
Page 77 and 78: P a g e | 76 differentiation of the
Page 79 and 80: P a g e | 78 chief of that place, w
Page 81 and 82: P a g e | 80 garden’. It is corre
Page 83 and 84: P a g e | 82 Pic.25 Pic.26 Pic.27 P
Page 85 and 86: P a g e | 84 y en esta Española, y
Page 87 and 88: P a g e | 86 into its etymology. Ho
Page 89 and 90: P a g e | 88 and a paragraph in Cha
Page 91 and 92: P a g e | 90 the place where this t
Page 93 and 94: P a g e | 92 Pic.33, 34 Taino trigo
Page 95 and 96: P a g e | 94 describing the term fr
Page 97 and 98: P a g e | 96 + sabra > Spanish corr
Page 99 and 100: P a g e | 98 the introduction of an
Page 101 and 102: P a g e | 100 Nonetheless, if we us
Page 103 and 104: P a g e | 102 However, what is impo
Page 105 and 106: P a g e | 104 hammock, sharing its
Page 107 and 108: P a g e | 106 y con muchos indios d
Page 109 and 110: P a g e | 108 The quote above is fr
Page 111 and 112: P a g e | 110 trees, but of high, a
Page 113 and 114: P a g e | 112 Éstas, por la lengua
Page 115 and 116: P a g e | 114 matase ni hiriese a n
Page 117 and 118: P a g e | 116 the epoch, but also f
Page 119 and 120: P a g e | 118 explain the prevalenc
Page 121 and 122: P a g e | 120 Pic.38 Duho distribut
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P a g e | 122 nytainos > ‘nobles
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P a g e | 124 am”, does not fit S
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P a g e | 126 (Nahuatl), tunuum (Mi
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P a g e | 128 after a battle won by
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P a g e | 130 This is relevant beca
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P a g e | 132 Yanomami of Venezuela
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P a g e | 134 linguistic registry o
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P a g e | 136 Additionally, if whil
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P a g e | 138 b) Encomienda system
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P a g e | 140 the Spanish who carri
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P a g e | 142 Casas, d. L. (2015).
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P a g e | 144 (2007). Caribbean Stu
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P a g e | 146 Robiou Lamarche, S. (
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Language of the Voiceless: Traces of Taino Language, Food, and Culture in the Americas From 1492 to the Present

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