Language of the Voiceless: Traces of Taino Language, Food, and Culture in the Americas From 1492 to the Present

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P a g e | 23 The above text from Fernandez de Oviedo’s writings states that the Taino used the leaves of the higüera tree to brush and whiten their teeth. The text also mentions that the Taino sold the fruit of the tree in the markets and that the wood was used in construction after being cut and dried during the crescent moon which seems to indicate a possible religious symbolism associated with the moon and the tree harvesting process. fig (higuera): 2)_ As a phonetic marker to prevent misinterpretation with the Spanish word for Del árbol llamado higüero. El acento de la letra u ha de ser luengo, o de espacio dicho, de manera que no se pronuncien breve, ni juntamente estas tres letras gue, sino que se detenga poquita cosa entre la u y la e, e diga hi..gu..ero. Digo esto, porque el letor no entienda higuero, o higuera de higos. 37 This paragraph in Oviedo’s writing is very important because it is one of the very few examples of Taino phonetics being compare to a very well-known Spanish word. In this part of the text Fernandez de Oviedo gives us a phonetic and morphologic guideline of the way the Taino word higüera should be pronounced as (jiUera). In the text Oviedo emphasizes that this word should not to be confused with the Spanish word higuera (igEra) which was already a commonly used word by the Spanish population of the period. 3)__As material for utensils and wood for building, carpentry and timber: 37 (Fernanadez de Oviedo, 1535 - 1557)
P a g e | 24 Higüera es árbol grande, como los morales de Castilla, e más e menos. La fructa que llevan son cierta manera de calabazas redondas, e algunas prolongadas; e las redondas son muy redondas, de las cuales los indios hacen tazas e otras vasijas para beber e otros servicios. El palo o madera deste árbol es recio e bueno para sillas de caderas y de las pequeñas, e para fustes de sillas jinetes e otras cosas. Es flexible o correoso, e fuerte, e paresce en el pelo, después de labrado, granado o espino. La hoja deste árbol es luenga y estrecha, e lo más ancho della es en el extremo o en la punta, e desde ella va 38 In this paragraph Oviedo states that the Taino used the higüera as vessels and plates for water drinking and other general everyday applications. According to him the wood was later started to be used by the Spanish for horse chair making. 4)__As food: disminuyendo, para abajo, al pezón, donde está así asida como aquí la debujo. Comen los indios, habiendo nescesidad, esta fructa (digo lo de dentro della), lo cual es de la misma manera que la calabaza cuajada, cuando está verde. Curándolas y sacándoles lo de dentro, para hacer algún vaso de la higüera, le queda al tal 39 In this part of the text Fernandez de Oviedo states that the Taino ate the entrails of the fruit and that once hollowed they used the hardened outer shell for utensil building. b)—Mentions in Christopher Columbus’ journal of the first voyager or Diario de Abordo: Note: It is important to note that the Spanish word for higüera prior to the European exchange was calabaza. 38 (p. 252) 39 (p. 252)
Page 1 and 2: Language of the Voiceless: Traces o
Page 3 and 4: P a g e | 2 CHAPTER I | AN INTRODUC
Page 5 and 6: P a g e | 4 European languages such
Page 7 and 8: P a g e | 6 first time the language
Page 9 and 10: P a g e | 8 to describe constrictor
Page 11 and 12: P a g e | 10 Hammock: The Spanish c
Page 13 and 14: P a g e | 12 the world and later br
Page 15 and 16: P a g e | 14 Once again, these word
Page 17 and 18: P a g e | 16 V Research Limitations
Page 19 and 20: P a g e | 18 cigar made out of the
Page 21 and 22: P a g e | 20 in the surviving cousi
Page 23: P a g e | 22 Pic.4 Hoyo de Sanabe C
Page 27 and 28: P a g e | 26 y los otros de allá a
Page 29 and 30: P a g e | 28 porque nacan quiere de
Page 31 and 32: P a g e | 30 of the mainland such a
Page 33 and 34: P a g e | 32 describe the name of t
Page 35 and 36: P a g e | 34 […] el gobernador de
Page 37 and 38: P a g e | 36 […] nos habíamos de
Page 39 and 40: P a g e | 38 island of the guano of
Page 41 and 42: P a g e | 40 significance because i
Page 43 and 44: P a g e | 42 paragraph, de Las Casa
Page 45 and 46: P a g e | 44 23, 1533 were the enco
Page 47 and 48: P a g e | 46 certain familiarity an
Page 49 and 50: P a g e | 48 ‘hanging’ and atab
Page 51 and 52: P a g e | 50 the different Arawak l
Page 53 and 54: P a g e | 52 a)—Mentions in a 151
Page 55 and 56: P a g e | 54 Diaz del Castillo in 1
Page 57 and 58: P a g e | 56 Y una mañana, que fue
Page 59 and 60: P a g e | 58 ‘not’ + guayacan >
Page 61 and 62: P a g e | 60 The above quote and il
Page 63 and 64: P a g e | 62 words did not make it
Page 65 and 66: P a g e | 64 other words meaning
Page 67 and 68: P a g e | 66 common item to give an
Page 69 and 70: P a g e | 68 assi, es entre las rel
Page 71 and 72: P a g e | 70 Con frutas de siguapas
Page 73 and 74: P a g e | 72 cacique, dijo por señ
Page 75 and 76:
P a g e | 74 ‘uppermost’ + ya >
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P a g e | 76 differentiation of the
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P a g e | 78 chief of that place, w
Page 81 and 82:
P a g e | 80 garden’. It is corre
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P a g e | 82 Pic.25 Pic.26 Pic.27 P
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P a g e | 84 y en esta Española, y
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P a g e | 86 into its etymology. Ho
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P a g e | 88 and a paragraph in Cha
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P a g e | 90 the place where this t
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P a g e | 92 Pic.33, 34 Taino trigo
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P a g e | 94 describing the term fr
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P a g e | 96 + sabra > Spanish corr
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P a g e | 98 the introduction of an
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P a g e | 100 Nonetheless, if we us
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P a g e | 102 However, what is impo
Page 105 and 106:
P a g e | 104 hammock, sharing its
Page 107 and 108:
P a g e | 106 y con muchos indios d
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P a g e | 108 The quote above is fr
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P a g e | 110 trees, but of high, a
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P a g e | 112 Éstas, por la lengua
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P a g e | 114 matase ni hiriese a n
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P a g e | 116 the epoch, but also f
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P a g e | 118 explain the prevalenc
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P a g e | 120 Pic.38 Duho distribut
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P a g e | 122 nytainos > ‘nobles
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P a g e | 124 am”, does not fit S
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P a g e | 126 (Nahuatl), tunuum (Mi
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P a g e | 128 after a battle won by
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P a g e | 130 This is relevant beca
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P a g e | 132 Yanomami of Venezuela
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P a g e | 134 linguistic registry o
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P a g e | 136 Additionally, if whil
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P a g e | 138 b) Encomienda system
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P a g e | 140 the Spanish who carri
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P a g e | 142 Casas, d. L. (2015).
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P a g e | 144 (2007). Caribbean Stu
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P a g e | 146 Robiou Lamarche, S. (
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Language of the Voiceless: Traces of Taino Language, Food, and Culture in the Americas From 1492 to the Present

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