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§2. Òóñ îðíû 1922-1924 îíû äîòîîä ãàäààä áàéäàë ......................... 340 - Àíãèéí òýìöýë õóðöàäñàí íü ................................................................... 340 - ÌÀÕÍ, Àðäûí çàñãèéí ãàçðààñ Õÿòàä óëñòàé íºõºðñºã õºðøèéí õàðèëöàà òîãòîîõûí òºëºº ÷àðìàéñàí íü ............................. 347 §3. Á¿ãä Íàéðàìäàõ Ìîíãîë Àðä Óëñûã òóíõàãëàñàí íü .................. 349 - ÁÍÌÀÓ-ûã òóíõàãëàõûí òºëºº ÿâóóëñàí áýëòãýë àæèë ..................... 349 Ä¯ÃÍÝËÒÈÉÍ ÎÐÎÍÄ ................................................................................ 359 ÇÀÐÈÌ ×ÓÕÀË ¯ÉË ßÂÄËÛÍ ÎÍ ÄÀÐÀÀËÀË ................................ 363 ÕÀÂÑÐÀËÒ ÃÝÐÝË ÇÓÐÀÃ .......................................................................... 370 385
ÝÐÄÝÌ ØÈÍÆÈËÃÝÝÍÈÉ ªÃ¯¯ËË¯¯Ä 386 THE PEOPLES REVOLUTION OF 1921, ITS PLACE AND SIGNIFICANCE IN THE HISTORY OF MONGOLIA Since the Congress is taking place on the eve of the fiftieth anniversary of the People`s Revolution, I should like to dwell on some important, from the scientific of view, principle problems in the history of this Revolution. The last half century of Mongolia history, because of the profound social and economic transformations it witnessed, and the material and spiritual benefits which the Mongol people have traversed in their long history. That is why the People`s Revolution, the fiftieth anniversary of which we shall be celebrating in July next year, merits a special chapter in the history of the country. The significance of the Mongolian People`s Revolution stands out in bolder relief when we try to understand the essence of the socio-economic conditions which prevailed before the Revolution, the internal forces and external factors of the Revolution, closely interrelated according to the general law of development of the universal historical process, and finally the social transformations introduced with the victory of the Revolution. I would like to dwell briefly on the socio-economic background of the appearance, development and finally the victory of the People`s Revolution in our country in 1921. Pre-revolutionary Mongolia was a country of feudal relations established throughout the centuries. Mongolian feudalism on the eve of revolution, in spite of its many specific features, on the whole had features common to the feudal mode of production in general, for instance the feudal ownership of land and cattle, and in part the serf-arat. Being limited in time, I would like merely to mention that the forms of land ownership undoubtedly had their own peculiarities, here as elsewhere, modified by the conditions of nomadic cattle-arat who had the right to private ownership, of cattle, based on his personal labour but herbed on the pastures of his feudal khan. With reference to stagnant state of feudal relations, there is no denying that partial transformations took place in certain aspects of the economic and spiritual life of the country. For example one cannot ignore the fact that feudal relations in Mongolia were, to a certain extent, influenced at the last century by the
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ÌÎÍÃÎË ÓËÑÛÍ ØÈÍÆË
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Àêàäåìè÷ Á.Øèðýíäý
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ÌÎÍÃÎË ÓËÑÛÍ ØÈÍÆË
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“ÀÊÀÄÅÌÈ× ÁAÇÀÐÛÍ
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ÌÎÍÃÎË ÓËÑ ØÈÍÆËÝÕ
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àëáà òàòâàð, öýðýã,
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ÇÕÓ-ûí ÖÃÂÈÀ-èéí ñà
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ýäèéí çàñàã, àíãè, ä
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Òóñ çîõèîëûí ñýäýâ
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I Á¯ËÝÃ XIX ÇÓÓÍÛ ÝÖÝ
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Òàðèà÷èí õ¿í ãàçàð
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Îðîñ õóäàëäààíû æè
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áàéñàí îðîñ õóäàëä
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Ö.Íàñàíáàëæèð òýìä
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Ìîíãîë äàõü ìàíæèé
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ÀÂÒÎÍÎÌÈÒ ÌÎÍÃÎË Ó
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òóñãààð òîãòíîñîí
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Ýíý òýìöëèéã þóíû º
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ò¿¿íèé ãèø¿¿ä íü çº
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æóðìûã ñàõèóëæ ÷àä
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õààíò Îðîñûí çàñãè
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ò¿äãýëçñýí ÿâäëûã
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çàñãèéí ãàçàð íü ãà
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Èéì ºâºðìºö áàéäàë
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óëàì ã¿íçãèé íýâòð
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öýðãèéí àëáûã àöàã
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ñóðãóóëèéí ä¿ðýì á
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Ìàëûí ýì÷ îðîñ õ¿ì¿
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áàéæýý” 145 . Ìîíãîë
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õýìæýýã ýñýðã¿¿öýí
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á¿òýõ õàíäëàãûã ýñ
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òýìýýòýé, çºâõºí 3 í
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ýäëýí õýðýãëýäýã ç
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ò¿ìýí ýäèéí çàñàã,
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îðóóëæýý. ªðòººíèé
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íèéëýýä á¿ãä 15821 òî
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1915 îíû òîî áàðèìòàà
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ìýä¿¿ëñýí áºãººä ò
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á¿õèé ç¿éëèéã õóóë
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Ôåîäàëûí ø¿¿õ á¿õý
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óëìààñ Çàñãèéí ãàç
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“¿éìýýí ãàð÷ýý” 223
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ò¿ìíèéã õàìãààëñàí
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Ãàäààäûí ï¿¿ñ¿¿äèé
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II Á¯ËÝÃ ÎÊÒßÁÐÈÉÍ Õ
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ãýæýý. 232 Ôåîäàëèçì,
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áàéñíààñ ýêñïåäèöè
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ÿâäëûí ÿàìíû ñàéä ÿ
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Õýðãèéí Àðäûí Êîìè
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îðíû ¸ñîîð Áýýæèí,
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ººð ººðººð òóñãàí à
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ñàéä ×åí-Ëóí íàð îâ
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Îðãîí ãàð÷ Ïàðèñ õî
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Ïàðèñûí íàéðàìäëûí
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òàòãàëçàâ 275 ãýæ Áý
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á¿òýýæ áîëîõ íºõöº
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ýðõòýé áàéõ çýðãèé
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íàðûí õîîðîíä òîì ì
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ãóðàâ äàõèí ñºãäºí
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òóøààëä Ãî Ñ¿í-ëèí
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Ìîíãîëûí ýðõ áàðèã
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Ãàãöõ¿¿ Áîãä õààíû
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Ä.Ñ¿õáààòàð Õ¿ðýýí
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Àâòîíîìèéã ñýðãýýí
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àìüäðàë, ìºí õóâèéí
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äààëãàâàð ºã÷ áàéñ
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á¿ëãýìèéíõýí õàðèó
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ç¿éë¿¿ä îðæýý. Ìºí 6
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Êîìèíòåðíèé Àëñ Äî
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ñàíààãàà èëð¿¿ëýõ
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Òýíäýýñ òýä íàð Ñýë
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òºëººëºã÷äèéí äîòî
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á¿ãäýýð ñàíàà íèéë
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Õÿòàäûí õàðãèñ öýð
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çààæýý. Ò¿¿í÷ëýí áó
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III Á¯ËÝÃ ÌÎÍÃÎË ÎÐÍ
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òóñãààð òîãòíîëûí
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Ìîíãîëä õèéæ áàéæý
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Ìîíãîë Õèàãòûí õîî
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àìíààñ Áîãäûí íîãî
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çîðèëãîîð Óëèàñòàé
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õóâüñãàëò ¿çýë ñàí
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Ìîíãîëûí ôåîäàëóóä
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¿ëäýõ æèøýýòýé áîë
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Öåíòðîñîþç õýìýýõ
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äààðàõûí çîâëîíã ý
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Àâòîíîìèò õààíò çà
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òîäîðõîéëæýý. Òýð ñ
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Ýíý ºã¿¿ëýëä îëîí ó
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“Ìîíãîëûí ¿íýí” ñ
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àæëûã óäèðäàæ áàéâ.
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Ýíýõ¿¿ çàðëàëûã ýð
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õîðèãëîí áàéëäàõ ç
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ìýäýýã àâìàãö óã õî
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IV Á¯ËÝÃ ÀÐÄ Ò¯ÌÍÈÉ
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Õóâüñãàëò á¿ëãýìèé
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çîõèîõ íàìûí ñóðòà
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á¿ðèéí ò¿ìýí óëñ á¿
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áàéãóóëàõ, òóñ íàìû
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Àðäûí çàñãèéã áýõæ
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ñóâèëæ õàðãàëçàõ ç
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õèéæ, ãàäààäûí ò¿ðý
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Ýíý çºâëºëãººíèé õ
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Ìîíãîëûí óìàðä õèë
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Õèàãòàä ãàìèí öýðý
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ãàð á¿¿ õºäëºã ãýõè
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§3. Àðäûí æóðàìò öýð
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Àðäûí öýðãèéí òóëã
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Ãàìèí öýðýã äàâøèë
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¿åä ãàìèí öýðã¿¿ä á
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á¿õèé õºãæñºí ñýòã
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áàéñàí Äóãàðæàâûí
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áºãººä àìàð àìãàëà
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V Á¯ËÝÃ ÀÐÄÛÍ ÕÓÂÜÑ
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óäàëã¿é áèåëëýý îë
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äýýð Õÿòàä óëñûí á¿
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ãàìèíã Ìîíãîë îðíî
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Òýä òýãæ áàéõäàà àë
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1921 îíû 4-ð ñàðûí 16-íä
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Òèéì ó÷ðààñ Íàìûí Ò
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“ÀÄÁÍÓ-ûí ýñðýã áà
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÷èãëýëýýð òóñ òóñ õ
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öýðýãò äýìæëýã ¿ç¿
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1921 îíû 5-ð ñàðûí 6-íä
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õîøóó òàìãûí ãàçàð
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Àðäûí õóâüñãàëò öý
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Ìîíãîëûí áàðóóí õÿ
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Ò¿¿í÷ëýí ìºíõ¿¿ õà
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“Õºäºëìºðèéí áà õº
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õ¿ì¿¿ñ áà Õèàãòàä ¿
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Ìîíãîëûí Àðäûí Õóâ
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Ãýâ÷ Ìîíãîëûí àðä ò
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íàì, çàñãèéíõàí çýâ
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Áèä óëààí öýðãèéã ç
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á¿õ îðîí äàÿàð òàðà
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Ýíý õýëñýí ¿ãíýýñ ¿
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×îéáàëñàíãààñ Ñ¿õá
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öýðýã áàéæýý. 7-ð ñà
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Çºâëºëò Çàñãèéí ãà
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Óíãåðíèéã Ñóíäóé ã
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àðäûí íàìûí áàéãóó
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ñàðûí 11-íä Òîëáî íó
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ñóðãóóëèéã áîëîâñð
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Îëíîî ºðãºãäñºíèé
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ñýöýí ÷èí âàí Ãîìáî
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áèåèéí çîâîõ ç¿äýõ
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õàìãààëàõ ã¿í Ãîìá
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“Ìîíãîë óëñûí Àðäû
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Äàÿí äýëõèéí àðä ò¿
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Òºëººëºã÷äèéí àæèë
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3. Õºðø õÿòàä îðîíä
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Òóíõaãèéí ýöýñò Ìîí
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êîììóíèñò õºäºëãºº
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Ãýâ÷ íàì, çàñàã òýð
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Äàðõàí áýéë Áààðàé
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Ìºí òîãòîîëîîð èõ õ
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Ýäãýýð àðãà õýìæýý
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9. Ýíýõ¿¿ ä¿ðìèéã Ìî
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Çàðèì ÷óõàë ºðòºº ç
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àëáàíä äàé÷ëàõààð
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Äîòîîä ßàìíû ìýäýë
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Òºâ Õîðîî, Àðäûí Çà
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1921 îíä àðäûí ýðõ àø
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áàéñàí ÿâäëààñ òîä
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à) Øàâü, õàìæëàãà íà
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õºãæ¿¿ëýõýä äºõºì
Page 336 and 337: çýðýã àñóóäëûã øèé
Page 338 and 339: õîøóóäûí íýã àäèë ö
Page 340 and 341: Íàìûí ºñºëòºíä çîð
Page 342 and 343: ºìíº òýìöýæ Áàðóóí
Page 344 and 345: õÿçãààðëàõ áîäëîãî
Page 346 and 347: Èõ õóðëûí ¿åýð Ñ.Äà
Page 348 and 349: Ìîíãîëûí àðäûí àðì
Page 350 and 351: Çºâëºëò Õîëáîîò Óë
Page 352 and 353: òîäîðõîéëñîí áàéâ.
Page 354 and 355: õºãæ¿¿ëýõ àøèã ñîí
Page 356 and 357: Äîòîîä ÿàì Ø¿¿õ ÿàì
Page 358 and 359: çàñãèéí ãàçàð áîäî
Page 360 and 361: Ä¯ÃÍÝËÒÈÉÍ ÎÐÎÍÄ Ì
Page 362 and 363: 9. Òóñ îðíû óëñ òºð,
Page 364 and 365: ÇÀÐÈÌ ×ÓÕÀË ¯ÉË ßÂÄ
Page 366 and 367: Íàìàð Ìîíãîëûí àðä
Page 368 and 369: 5-ð cap Àðäûí Íàìûí áà
Page 370 and 371: 1923 îí 1-ð ñàðûí 5 Àðä
Page 372 and 373: 5-ð çóðàã. Æàëõàíç õ
Page 374 and 375: 13-ð çóðàã. Õóâüñãàë
Page 376 and 377: 21-ð çóðàã. Ñèáèðèéí
Page 378 and 379: Ìîíãîë Àðäûí Õóâüñ
Page 380 and 381: Áàðóóí õÿçãààðûã Ó
Page 382 and 383: II Á¯ËÝÃ. ÎÊÒßÁÐÈÉÍ
Page 384 and 385: V Á¯ËÝÃ. ÀÐÄÛÍ ÕÓÂÜÑ
Page 388 and 389: international political and economi
Page 390 and 391: The impact of the Great October Rev
Page 392 and 393: and have continued to develop betwe
Page 394 and 395: Simultaneously with strengthening o
Page 396 and 397: and colleges, not only in the field
Page 398 and 399: Àðäûí ýíý õºäºëãºº
Page 400 and 401: ã¿ðí¿¿äèéí òóñëàìæ
Page 402 and 403: ôåîäàë àíãèéí õóâü
Page 404 and 405: òºõººðºìæèéã òóñ î
Page 406 and 407: 5. Äýýðõ àñóóäëóóäà
Page 408 and 409: ãèø¿¿íèéõýý ìàòåðè
Page 410 and 411: Ýíý õîëáîîíû à÷ààð
Page 412 and 413: Ýêîíîìèêà îáùåñòâà
Page 414 and 415: ïðàâèëüíî ó÷àñòü è
Page 416 and 417: çíà÷èòåëüíûå îñîáå
Page 418 and 419: IX ñúåçä ÌÍÐÏ, èñõîä
Page 420 and 421: óñêîðîííîå ðàçâèòè
Page 422 and 423: çà çàâåðøåíèå ñòðî
Page 424 and 425: Ê.Ìàðêñ “Ïðîëåòàðè
Page 426 and 427: Ìàë÷èí àðäûí àæ àõó
Page 428 and 429: õóâèéí ºì÷ áà ìºëæè
Page 430 and 431: íåóäåðæèìîãî ðàçëî
Page 432 and 433: Uspółdzielczanie gospodarstw arac
Page 434 and 435: 2. Ìîíãîë àðäûí Õóâü
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