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With the aid of the USSR and other socialist countries, 70 large industrial
enterprises, several coal-mines power stations cement plants, silicate brick and
wood processing factories and others have been built in the past nine years.
The MPR is an agrarian- industrial country with a learning towards becoming
industiral-agrarian through universal intensification of all branches of the
economy and increasing economic efficiency on the basis of wide application of
scientific and technological achiements.
A new social class, the working class, has made it appearance in Mongolia,
consisting of state industrial workers, transport workers, agricultural workers on
state farms and machine and livestock stations, and those working at producers
cooperatives.
The Mongolian working class is mastering new professions and achieving
high productivity displaying great organizational ability and consciousness being
the main motive force of the country’s industrial development.
A new system of transport communications has been set up in the republic.
Pack and cart transport has been replaced by modern transport and there is an
extensive network of motor transport, railway and air services.
The country has telephone telegraph services and a broadcasting system.
Qualified specialists and skilled drivers work on motor cars electric locomotives
and aeroplanes just as their father and grandmothers skillfully led camel caravans
and tamed wild horses in the olden days.
This does not mean that Mongols have for ever given up their horses, camels
and oxen. These animal are still used for farm work.
The government had to solve another no less important issue that to cultural
development prompted by the requirements of the new society. The solution
of the problem was based on combining application and development of the
country’s cultural heritage which had been accumulated down the centuries by
the Mongols with the introduction of world progressive culture, modern science
and technology.
There is universal literacy in the country, the population reads newspapers
and journals fiction and scientific literature, in their native language. The libraries
and clubs, radio and films are at the service of the people. All children of school
age attend schools, as there is universal compulsory elementary education in the
countryside and general 8 year schooling in town.
The youth after 8 years of schooling can continue their studies at colleges
in Ulan-Bator and abroad, acquiring qualifications in different specialities in
the field of agriculture, industrial, transport, education, medicine, science and
engineering. The scientific art and technological workers among the intellectuals
contribute greatly to transforming society. The growth of modern Mongolian
literature and art which was founded and is being developed on the basis on the
rich experience of the people’s art and modern world cultural achievements is
a major gain of nearly 50 years of progress in Mongolia. Scientific research is
conducted by the Academy of Sciences and by its various research institutions
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