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ÝÐÄÝÌ ØÈÍÆÈËÃÝÝÍÈÉ ªÃ¯¯Ë˯¯Ä
386
THE PEOPLES REVOLUTION OF 1921, ITS PLACE AND
SIGNIFICANCE IN THE HISTORY OF MONGOLIA
Since the Congress is taking place on
the eve of the fiftieth anniversary of the
People`s Revolution, I should like to dwell on
some important, from the scientific of view,
principle problems in the history of this
Revolution.
The last half century of Mongolia
history, because of the profound social and
economic transformations it witnessed, and
the material and spiritual benefits which the
Mongol people have traversed in their long
history. That is why the People`s Revolution,
the fiftieth anniversary of which we shall be
celebrating in July next year, merits a special
chapter in the history of the country.
The significance of the Mongolian People`s Revolution stands out in bolder
relief when we try to understand the essence of the socio-economic conditions
which prevailed before the Revolution, the internal forces and external factors of
the Revolution, closely interrelated according to the general law of development
of the universal historical process, and finally the social transformations
introduced with the victory of the Revolution. I would like to dwell briefly on
the socio-economic background of the appearance, development and finally the
victory of the People`s Revolution in our country in 1921.
Pre-revolutionary Mongolia was a country of feudal relations established
throughout the centuries. Mongolian feudalism on the eve of revolution,
in spite of its many specific features, on the whole had features common to
the feudal mode of production in general, for instance the feudal ownership
of land and cattle, and in part the serf-arat. Being limited in time, I would like
merely to mention that the forms of land ownership undoubtedly had their own
peculiarities, here as elsewhere, modified by the conditions of nomadic cattle-arat
who had the right to private ownership, of cattle, based on his personal labour
but herbed on the pastures of his feudal khan.
With reference to stagnant state of feudal relations, there is no denying that
partial transformations took place in certain aspects of the economic and spiritual
life of the country. For example one cannot ignore the fact that feudal relations
in Mongolia were, to a certain extent, influenced at the last century by the