2

IV
The chief aim of the People’s Revolution of 1921 was winning political
power. It was reflected and determined in the programme document of the
revolutionary circles, adopted in 1920 and called, The Party members oath in an
article published in the revolutionary newspaper ‘Mongolyn Unen’ of December
20 th 1920; in the principal document of the I Congress of the Mongolian People’s
Party, adopted in March , 1921 under the title ‘The ten point task’ and finally in
the formation of a Provisional People’s Government on March 13 th , 1921.
These ideas were realized with the establishment of a People’s Government
in July 1921, the democratization of the state structure during 1921-1924; the
proclamation of a Mongolian People’s Republic in November, 1924; the further
strengthening of the popular democratic system on the basis of wide participation
of the representatives of the arats and workers, and finally with the creation of a
People’s Democratic State of workers cooperative arats and working intellectuals.
I would like to mention in this connection that of the deputies of the Great
People’s Khural of IV convocation (1969), 23,2% are workers, and 28,2% members
of agricultural production associations. A great number of representatives of
workers, cooperative arats intellectuals take an active part in aimak, town and
somon khurals and permanent committees. The popular Government itself, in the
form of Khurals, has continuously perfected itself as the governing structure of a
people’s democracy.
People’s Democracy in Mongolia has traversed two stages-democratic 1921-
1940, and socialist-beginning with 19406 The above mentioned stages have
their own periods, which differ from each other according to specific decision
on the form and content of socio-economic problems. People’s government in
Mongolia is one of the variants of a new, socialist state. The essence of a People’s
democracy as of any other type of state is that it is governed by general laws of
development. Feudal monarchies with cognate characteristics, or the forms of
bourgeois republic familiar to us parliamentarian or presidential with parallel
characteristics, which appeared with the establishment of a bourgeois system
in the majority of European countries and America, can hardly be explained as
purely mechanical repetition, mere copying of forms of power , of the forcing
forms of power by one state upon another. Such an approach to a complex
historical phenomenon would fail to reveal the essence of historic reality. The
crux of the matter lies not in copying, but in expressing the essence of this of that
economic formation, which is based on the production of material benefits, on
development of productive forces and production relations.
Thus after many centuries in Mongolian statehood was revived. But it was
resurrected and is developing under totally different historical conditions and on
quite new principles. Since the first days of its inception, the People’s State began
to conduct a policy of peace and friendship towards other countries.
For the first time quite new intergovernmental relations were established
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