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Chapter 11 – Governance and Performance in Seaport Clusters; Results of the Cases 155 Automated road transport systems If forms of automated road transport systems could be implemented successfully, Rotterdam would be one of the first places where implementation would be viable, given the huge road transport volumes in Rotterdam. The technical capabilities for an innovative system exist, even though they have never been tested in practice on a large scale. For instance, dedicating one lane of major highway corridors from Rotterdam to the hinterland for trucks with automated vehicle control (perhaps only in off peak hours) would improve the accessibility of the port and reduce congestion. Various coalitions investigate the viability of such forms of automation, but none of the initiatives is likely to be implemented in the short run. Intermodal transport systems The importance of inland waterway, rail and short sea shipping make Rotterdam an important intermodal transport node. A key characteristic of intermodal transport is that it is to some extent ‘systemic’; various components make up an intermodal chain, and coordination between these components is required. Especially the development of new intermodal services requires coordination. For instance, terminal investments will only be made if transport providers develop services and vice versa. In many cases, the development of new large-scale intermodal connections requires the formation of alliances of multiple actors. In the absence of leader firm behavior, the port authority aims to initiate such coalitions. In Rotterdam, two examples can be mentioned. First, development of a ‘barge train service’ where goods are shipped to Germany by barge and put on trains there. A barge-train coalition is in development, the RMPM plays a pro-active role in the formation of this coalition. Second, Rotterdam is an important RoRo port. All trucks that use RoRo services arrive in Rotterdam by road. An intermodal service to put trucks on a RoRo vessel in an inland port so that trucks do not have to pass the (congested) port area could be viable. Again, a coalition needs to be formed to develop such an intermodal service. Even though the idea has been ‘around’ for some time, no steps towards realization have been taken. The hinterland access regime; conclusions from the cases The hinterland access regime is very important for the competitiveness of seaports. A huge majority of cluster experts agrees that hinterland access is to some extent a ‘collective
156 The Performance of Seaport Clusters action problem’ and an effective regime will not develop spontaneously. Coordination and the formation of various sorts of coalitions are required. The HAR in Rotterdam is judged as being more effective than the regimes in Durban and the LMPC. This judgment is consistent with the description of the regimes: in Durban, coalitions have hardly developed, in the LMPC, the formation of a coalition has been started recently. In all three port clusters, opportunities to improve the HAR have been identified, on the basis of interviews and desk research. These initiatives are summarized in Table 62. Table 62: Initiatives to improve the HAR in the three cases Port cluster Opportunity to improve the HAR LMPC Market intelligence Regional coordination of rail services Container on barge Durban Coalition to lease equipment to Spoornet, and manage deployment Rotterdam Automated road transport Coalitions to improve intermodal accessibility
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PETER W. DE LANGEN The Performance
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The Performance of Seaport Clusters
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Preface v PREFACE My first publicat
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Preface vii The frequent question w
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x Emperical part: three cases of se
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1 INTRODUCTION Economists have alwa
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Chapter 1 - Introduction 3 1.2 Over
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Chapter 1 - Introduction 5 Second,
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2 CLUSTERS AS UNIT OF ANALYSIS In t
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Chapter 2 - Clusters as Unit of Ana
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20 The Performance of Seaport Clust
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22 Table 1: Four ways in which clus
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4 VARIABLES OF CLUSTER PERFORMANCE
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Chapter 4 - Variables of Cluster Pe
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5 CLUSTER STRUCTURE In this chapter
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Chapter 5 - Cluster Structure 41 Th
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Chapter 5 - Cluster Structure 43 ef
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Chapter 5 - Cluster Structure 45 Th
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Chapter 5 - Cluster Structure 47 fi
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Chapter 5 - Cluster Structure 49 va
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Chapter 5 - Cluster Structure 51 Ta
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54 6.1 Coordination in a cluster Th
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7 ANALYZING THE PERFORMANCE OF SEAP
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Chapter 7 - Analyzing the Performan
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8 CLUSTERING IN SEAPORTS In this ch
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Chapter 8 - Clustering in Seaports
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Page 195 and 196: 182 The evolution in market shares
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Chapter 14 - Conclusions on Seaport
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Chapter 14 - Conclusions on Seaport
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210 The Performance of Seaport Clus
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214 • Waste processing and recycl
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232 Industry experts The Performanc
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234 Agglomeration economies 10. Ind
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236 Cluster barriers Entry barriers
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238 Solving collective action probl
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240 The weight of the variables of
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Appendix 2: Cluster Experts in the
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Appendix 2: Cluster Experts in the
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English Summary 249 The Performance
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English Summary 251 The third schoo
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English Summary 253 The empirical p
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English Summary 255 Internal compet
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English Summary 257 • The innovat
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262 Tabel S1: Het effect van de vie
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Curriculum Vitae 271 Curriculum vit
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The Performance of Seaport Clusters
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