The Performance of Seaport Clusters - RePub - Erasmus Universiteit ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

English Summary 249 The Performance of Seaport Clusters A Framework to Analyze Cluster Performance and an Application to the Seaport Summary Clusters of Durban, Rotterdam and the Lower Mississippi Economists frequently use the cluster concept to analyze the economic development of regions. Because of increasing interaction and competition between regions, the specialization of regions increases. This leads to the development of clusters: spatial concentrations of interrelated firms. Competitive clusters can contribute substantially to the economic development of regions. Therefore, the question ‘what determines the performance of clusters’ is relevant. In this thesis, a framework to analyze the performance of clusters is developed. This framework is applied to three case studies: the port clusters of Rotterdam, Durban and the Lower Mississippi. The cluster concept is frequently applied, but hardly to seaports, in spite of the fact that seaports are clear examples of clustering. Virtually all ports attract firms related to the arrival of goods and ships. The results of the case studies are relevant both for economists dealing with clusters in general and scholars specializing in port studies. The thesis consists of three parts. In the first part the theoretical framework is developed (chapters 1 to 6), the second part (chapters 7 to 12) deals with the application to seaports and the third part (chapters 13 to 15) presents conclusions. The theoretical part The question ‘how can cluster activities be identified’ has received limited serious attention. In virtually all cluster studies, clusters are defined loosely. A precise delimitation is a step forward, since it provides a basis for a precise analysis of the evolution of a cluster in time, it enables a detailed comparison between clusters, and it allows for a precise analysis of the influence of certain characteristics of a cluster, such as degree of foreign ownership, diversity in the cluster and entry and exit in the cluster, on its performance.
250 The Performance of Seaport Clusters In this thesis a method to delimit clusters is developed, based on two ‘boundaries’ of the cluster: the economic and spatial boundary. The method of delimitation consists of four iterative steps: 1. Selection of a loosely defined specialization of the cluster and spatial scope of the cluster analysis, for instance ‘shipbuilding in the North of the Netherlands’. 2. Identification of the set of ‘cluster activities’ based on an analysis of relations between activities with the use of input/output data, an analysis of the spatial concentration of activities, an analysis of the structure and membership of business associations and an analysis of the composition of value chains. 3. Identification of the relevant cluster region, based on a concentration analysis. Municipalities with a percentage of cluster firms above a certain minimum are included in the relevant region. 4. Identification of the ‘cluster population’, consisting of firms involved in cluster activities and located in the relevant cluster region. Variables of cluster performance In this thesis it is argued that the value added created in the cluster is the best performance indicator. A growth of the added value over time shows a cluster is performing well. The value added in a cluster changes as a result of two effects: an ‘incumbent performance’ effect (changes of the value added generated by established firms) and a ‘population effect’ (changes in the value added caused by a changing cluster population because of start-up, entry, exit, and bankruptcy). A widely accepted theory on relevant variables of cluster performance is lacking. In this thesis, four relevant schools are identified and insights from these schools are used to develop a sound analytical framework for analyzing cluster performance. The first school is termed ‘the Diamond School’ because the diamond framework (Porter, 1990) is center stage in this school. This framework encompasses a variety of insights relevant for the performance of clusters, but is not precise on variables that influence the performance of a cluster. The second school is ‘New Economic Geography’, with Krugman (1991) and Fujita et al (1999) as leading scholars. This school focuses on explaining the spatial concentration of economic activities.
Page 1 and 2:
PETER W. DE LANGEN The Performance
Page 4 and 5:
The Performance of Seaport Clusters
Page 6 and 7:
Preface v PREFACE My first publicat
Page 8:
Preface vii The frequent question w
Page 11 and 12:
x Emperical part: three cases of se
Page 14 and 15:
1 INTRODUCTION Economists have alwa
Page 16 and 17:
Chapter 1 - Introduction 3 1.2 Over
Page 18:
Chapter 1 - Introduction 5 Second,
Page 22 and 23:
2 CLUSTERS AS UNIT OF ANALYSIS In t
Page 24 and 25:
Chapter 2 - Clusters as Unit of Ana
Page 26 and 27:
Page 28 and 29:
Page 30:
Page 33 and 34:
20 The Performance of Seaport Clust
Page 35 and 36:
22 Table 1: Four ways in which clus
Page 38 and 39:
4 VARIABLES OF CLUSTER PERFORMANCE
Page 40 and 41:
Chapter 4 - Variables of Cluster Pe
Page 42 and 43:
Page 44 and 45:
Page 46 and 47:
Page 48 and 49:
Page 50 and 51:
Page 52 and 53:
5 CLUSTER STRUCTURE In this chapter
Page 54 and 55:
Chapter 5 - Cluster Structure 41 Th
Page 56 and 57:
Chapter 5 - Cluster Structure 43 ef
Page 58 and 59:
Chapter 5 - Cluster Structure 45 Th
Page 60 and 61:
Chapter 5 - Cluster Structure 47 fi
Page 62 and 63:
Chapter 5 - Cluster Structure 49 va
Page 64:
Chapter 5 - Cluster Structure 51 Ta
Page 67 and 68:
54 6.1 Coordination in a cluster Th
Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72:
Page 73 and 74:
Page 75 and 76:
Page 77 and 78:
Page 79 and 80:
Page 81 and 82:
Page 84 and 85:
7 ANALYZING THE PERFORMANCE OF SEAP
Page 86 and 87:
Chapter 7 - Analyzing the Performan
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
Page 94 and 95:
Page 96 and 97:
8 CLUSTERING IN SEAPORTS In this ch
Page 98 and 99:
Chapter 8 - Clustering in Seaports
Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
Page 106 and 107:
Page 108 and 109:
Page 110 and 111:
Page 112 and 113:
Page 114 and 115:
Page 116:
Page 119 and 120:
106 The Performance of Seaport Clus
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
112 9.3.3 The presence of intermedi
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
118 Figure 15: Optimal investment q
Page 134 and 135:
10 STRUCTURE AND PERFORMANCE IN SEA
Page 136 and 137:
Chapter 10 - Structure and Performa
Page 138 and 139:
Page 140 and 141:
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
11 GOVERNANCE AND PERFORMANCE IN SE
Page 152 and 153:
Chapter 11 - Governance and Perform
Page 154 and 155:
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167:
Page 168 and 169:
Page 170 and 171:
Page 172 and 173:
Page 174 and 175:
Page 176 and 177:
Page 178 and 179:
Page 180 and 181:
Page 182 and 183:
Page 184 and 185:
Page 186 and 187:
Page 188:
Page 191 and 192:
178 Table 74: Number of experts tha
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
182 The evolution in market shares
Page 197 and 198:
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
188 Table 85: Concentration pattern
Page 204 and 205:
13 CONCLUSIONS FOR ANALYZING CLUSTE
Page 206 and 207:
Chapter 13 - Conclusions for Analyz
Page 208 and 209:
Chapter 13 - Conclusions for Analyz
Page 210 and 211: Chapter 13 - Conclusions for Analyz
Page 212 and 213: Chapter 13 - Conclusions for Analyz
Page 214 and 215: 14 CONCLUSIONS ON SEAPORT CLUSTERS
Page 216 and 217: Chapter 14 - Conclusions on Seaport
Page 218 and 219: Chapter 14 - Conclusions on Seaport
Page 220: Chapter 14 - Conclusions on Seaport
Page 223 and 224: 210 The Performance of Seaport Clus
Page 227 and 228: 214 • Waste processing and recycl
Page 245 and 246: 232 Industry experts The Performanc
Page 247 and 248: 234 Agglomeration economies 10. Ind
Page 249 and 250: 236 Cluster barriers Entry barriers
Page 251 and 252: 238 Solving collective action probl
Page 253 and 254: 240 The weight of the variables of
Page 256 and 257: Appendix 2: Cluster Experts in the
Page 258: Appendix 2: Cluster Experts in the
Page 264 and 265: English Summary 251 The third schoo
Page 266 and 267: English Summary 253 The empirical p
Page 268 and 269: English Summary 255 Internal compet
Page 270: English Summary 257 • The innovat
Page 275 and 276: 262 Tabel S1: Het effect van de vie
Page 284: Curriculum Vitae 271 Curriculum vit
Page 291: The Performance of Seaport Clusters
show all

The Performance of Seaport Clusters - RePub - Erasmus Universiteit ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?