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12 ANALYZING STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF SEAPORT CLUSTERS In the preceding two chapters, the results of the case studies were discussed. The results confirm the relevance of the variables of the performance of a cluster. Furthermore, the relative importance of the variables has been discussed. In this chapter, a comparative analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the three cases is made. The strength and weaknesses are related to available performance indicators. As discussed in the theoretical part, the best indicator would be the value added generated in the cluster, but this figure is only available for Rotterdam and Antwerp. Thus, a volume performance indicator is used for the other ports. As discussed in the theoretical part, the aim is not to establish causal relationships between variables and performance, the analysis is meant as a test to see whether the ‘big picture’ derived from the case studies is in line with the performance indicators. Rotterdam is compared with Antwerp and Hamburg, Durban is compared with Richard’s Bay and the LMPC is compared with Houston. The case study port is also compared with the average of the six other ports as a ‘benchmark’. However, since the respondents of the three cases have different ‘frames of reference’ the results of this comparison are questionable. Therefore, this comparison is only made to find out whether a strength or weakness of a port compared to its competitor(s) is also a strength or weakness compared to the average of the six other ports. The experts in a port were asked to evaluate the quality of each variable (13 in total) on a scale from –5 (very bad) to +5 (very good), for the case study port and the competing port(s). This provides the basis for an assessment of strengths and weaknesses of the port clusters in the three cases. Not all experts were knowledgeable about all the variables in competing ports. When experts did not have an informed opinion, the question was left open. The number of experts that evaluated the ports is given in Table 74. The figures show that between 70% and 85% of the experts felt knowledgeable enough to make an assessment of the competing port(s).
178 Table 74: Number of experts that assessed strengths and weaknesses Port Number of experts Rotterdam 42 Antwerp 35 Hamburg 29 Durban 32 Richard’s Bay 26 The LMPC 30 Houston 22 The Performance of Seaport Clusters First, differences between the port regions North-West Europe, US Gulf and Southern Africa in general are discussed. These differences should be treated with some precaution: different points of reference might explain the differences in outcomes.
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PETER W. DE LANGEN The Performance
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The Performance of Seaport Clusters
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Preface v PREFACE My first publicat
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Preface vii The frequent question w
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x Emperical part: three cases of se
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1 INTRODUCTION Economists have alwa
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Chapter 1 - Introduction 3 1.2 Over
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Chapter 1 - Introduction 5 Second,
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2 CLUSTERS AS UNIT OF ANALYSIS In t
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Chapter 2 - Clusters as Unit of Ana
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20 The Performance of Seaport Clust
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22 Table 1: Four ways in which clus
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4 VARIABLES OF CLUSTER PERFORMANCE
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Chapter 4 - Variables of Cluster Pe
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5 CLUSTER STRUCTURE In this chapter
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Chapter 5 - Cluster Structure 41 Th
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Chapter 5 - Cluster Structure 43 ef
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Chapter 5 - Cluster Structure 45 Th
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Chapter 5 - Cluster Structure 47 fi
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Chapter 5 - Cluster Structure 49 va
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Chapter 5 - Cluster Structure 51 Ta
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54 6.1 Coordination in a cluster Th
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7 ANALYZING THE PERFORMANCE OF SEAP
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Chapter 7 - Analyzing the Performan
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8 CLUSTERING IN SEAPORTS In this ch
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Chapter 8 - Clustering in Seaports
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106 The Performance of Seaport Clus
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112 9.3.3 The presence of intermedi
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118 Figure 15: Optimal investment q
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10 STRUCTURE AND PERFORMANCE IN SEA
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Chapter 10 - Structure and Performa
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232 Industry experts The Performanc
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234 Agglomeration economies 10. Ind
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236 Cluster barriers Entry barriers
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238 Solving collective action probl
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240 The weight of the variables of
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Appendix 2: Cluster Experts in the
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Appendix 2: Cluster Experts in the
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English Summary 249 The Performance
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English Summary 251 The third schoo
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English Summary 253 The empirical p
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English Summary 255 Internal compet
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English Summary 257 • The innovat
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262 Tabel S1: Het effect van de vie
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Curriculum Vitae 271 Curriculum vit
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The Performance of Seaport Clusters
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