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Appendix 1: The Survey 237 Cluster governance Cluster governance: The co-ordination of activities in the port cluster. Different mechanisms, such as markets, 14. Indicate whether you agree or disagree with the following propositions: Proposition Opinion A culture of trust increases the quality of the governance of a cluster because it lowers transaction costs and enables co-operation. 15. Please indicate the importance of six intermediaries for lowering transaction costs and enabling co-operation in the port cluster, by ranking them from 1 (most important one) to 6 (least important one). 16. Indicate whether you agree or disagree with the following propositions: Agree / disagree/ no opinion The presence of ‘leader firms’ increases the quality of the governance of a cluster. Agree / disagree/ no opinion The presence of intermediaries increases the quality of the governance of a cluster, because intermediaries lower transaction costs and enable co-operation. Agree / disagree/ no opinion Differences in the governance of a cluster influence the performance of that cluster. Agree / disagree/ no opinion The development of port clusters is the result of the interplay of market forces and (inter)national policies. The quality of local governance does not have a substantial effect on the performance of the cluster. Intermediary Rank Ship’s agents Forwarders Shipbrokers Associations Commodity traders Non asset-owning logistics service providers inter firms alliances, associations and public-private organisations, are used to co-ordinate activities. Leader firms: Firms that have a superior ability to coordinate activities. Knowledge intermediaries: Firms or associations that possess, gather and ‘distribute’ knowledge and information. Agree / disagree/ no opinion Proposition Opinion The accessibility of knowledge and information sources influences the performance of Agree / disagree/ no opinion the port cluster. Many firms in the port cluster access knowledge and information through contacts with Agree / disagree/ no opinion ‘knowledge intermediaries’ located in the cluster.
238 Solving collective action problems The Performance of Seaport Clusters The collective action problem: The problem that even though cooperation among a large group of firms would be beneficial for all members of that group, cooperation does not develop spontaneously, because individual firms are even better off when they ‘free ride’. Cluster governance issues: Issues for which ‘collective action’ would be advantageous. 17. Indicate of the five issues given below, whether or not the collective action problem is present in the LMPC. Issue Presence of collective action problem Innovation Present Absent Training and education Present Absent Internationalization Present Absent Marketing and promotion Present Absent Hinterland access Present Absent 18. Indicate the importance of these five issues for the performance of the LMPC. Issue Importance in the LMPC Innovation Not important Of minor importance Training and education Not important Of minor importance Internationalization Not important Of minor importance Marketing and promotion Not important Of minor importance Hinterland access Not important Of minor importance Of moderate importance Of moderate importance Of moderate importance Of moderate importance Of moderate importance Important Very important Important Very important Important Very important Important Very important Important Very important
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PETER W. DE LANGEN The Performance
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The Performance of Seaport Clusters
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Preface v PREFACE My first publicat
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Preface vii The frequent question w
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x Emperical part: three cases of se
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1 INTRODUCTION Economists have alwa
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Chapter 1 - Introduction 3 1.2 Over
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Chapter 1 - Introduction 5 Second,
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2 CLUSTERS AS UNIT OF ANALYSIS In t
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Chapter 2 - Clusters as Unit of Ana
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20 The Performance of Seaport Clust
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22 Table 1: Four ways in which clus
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4 VARIABLES OF CLUSTER PERFORMANCE
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Chapter 4 - Variables of Cluster Pe
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5 CLUSTER STRUCTURE In this chapter
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Chapter 5 - Cluster Structure 41 Th
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Chapter 5 - Cluster Structure 43 ef
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Chapter 5 - Cluster Structure 45 Th
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Chapter 5 - Cluster Structure 47 fi
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Chapter 5 - Cluster Structure 49 va
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Chapter 5 - Cluster Structure 51 Ta
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54 6.1 Coordination in a cluster Th
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7 ANALYZING THE PERFORMANCE OF SEAP
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Chapter 7 - Analyzing the Performan
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8 CLUSTERING IN SEAPORTS In this ch
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Chapter 8 - Clustering in Seaports
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106 The Performance of Seaport Clus
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112 9.3.3 The presence of intermedi
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118 Figure 15: Optimal investment q
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10 STRUCTURE AND PERFORMANCE IN SEA
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Chapter 10 - Structure and Performa
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11 GOVERNANCE AND PERFORMANCE IN SE
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Chapter 11 - Governance and Perform
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178 Table 74: Number of experts tha
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182 The evolution in market shares
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Page 284: Curriculum Vitae 271 Curriculum vit
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