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7 ANALYZING THE PERFORMANCE OF SEAPORT CLUSTERS In the empirical part the framework developed in the theoretical part and summarized in Table 7 and Table 10, is applied to ports. Figure 12 shows the contents of the empirical part. Figure 12: Contents of the empirical part Theoretical part Empirical part Conclusions Theoretical framework Research goals Case selection Research methods Chapter 7 Clustering in seaports Research issues Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Structure and performance; conclusions Chapter 10 Governance and performance; conclusions Chapter 11 Strengths and weaknesses of the cases Chapter 12 Conclusions In this chapter, research goals of the empirical part are presented, the selection of cases and research methods are discussed. Furthermore, some basic information of the three cases, Rotterdam, Durban and the ‘Lower Mississippi Port Cluster’ (LMPC) is provided. In chapter 8 clustering in seaports is analyzed in general and the three port clusters are described. Chapter 9 discusses the research issues with regard to port clusters, based on the theoretical framework and a review of existing literature on ports and port clusters. The results of the case studies with regard to the relation between cluster structure and cluster performance are presented in chapter 10 and the results with regard to the relation between cluster governance and cluster performance are given in chapter 11. In Chapter 12,
72 The Performance of Seaport Clusters strengths and weaknesses of the three port clusters are discussed and these are related to available data on the performance of the three cases. 7.1 Goals of the empirical research The goals of the empirical part are as follows: • To improve understanding of the size, composition and relevant region of port clusters. • To test whether the variables of cluster performance discussed in the theoretical part are relevant and analyze how they affect the performance of a port cluster. • To identify and discuss opportunities to improve cluster performance in the three cases. • To improve the analytical framework developed in the theoretical part on the basis of empirical results. 7.2 A case study approach Data to test the validity of the (holistic) theoretical framework developed in the theoretical part (for instance cluster performance data and indicators of the identified variables) are lacking. Therefore, a case study approach is appropriate. Where available, quantitative data are used in the case studies. The case studies can be regarded as experiments to test the usefulness of the framework. Three case studies increase the ‘robustness’ of the results, compared to only one case study (see Yin, 1994). The goal of the case studies is analytical generalization: (provisional) acceptance, rejection or moderation of theories (see Yin, 1994, p.36), not empirical generalization. The three cases are three different experiments, not a sample of three observations. Even though all three cases are port clusters, an analytical generalization to clusters in general can be made. Therefore the results can be fruitful for further cluster research. With regard to the comparison between cases, this research is explorative. Differences in performance are likely, because the (economic, social, institutional) environment of the cases differs. Differences between the cases are analyzed, but no theoretical explanations are suggested beforehand.
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PETER W. DE LANGEN The Performance
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The Performance of Seaport Clusters
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Preface v PREFACE My first publicat
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Preface vii The frequent question w
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x Emperical part: three cases of se
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1 INTRODUCTION Economists have alwa
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Chapter 1 - Introduction 3 1.2 Over
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Chapter 1 - Introduction 5 Second,
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2 CLUSTERS AS UNIT OF ANALYSIS In t
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Chapter 2 - Clusters as Unit of Ana
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10 STRUCTURE AND PERFORMANCE IN SEA
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Chapter 10 - Structure and Performa
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11 GOVERNANCE AND PERFORMANCE IN SE
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Chapter 11 - Governance and Perform
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178 Table 74: Number of experts tha
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180 The Performance of Seaport Clus
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182 The evolution in market shares
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188 Table 85: Concentration pattern
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13 CONCLUSIONS FOR ANALYZING CLUSTE
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Chapter 13 - Conclusions for Analyz
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14 CONCLUSIONS ON SEAPORT CLUSTERS
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Chapter 14 - Conclusions on Seaport
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214 • Waste processing and recycl
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232 Industry experts The Performanc
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234 Agglomeration economies 10. Ind
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236 Cluster barriers Entry barriers
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238 Solving collective action probl
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240 The weight of the variables of
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Appendix 2: Cluster Experts in the
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Appendix 2: Cluster Experts in the
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English Summary 249 The Performance
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English Summary 251 The third schoo
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English Summary 253 The empirical p
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English Summary 255 Internal compet
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English Summary 257 • The innovat
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262 Tabel S1: Het effect van de vie
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Curriculum Vitae 271 Curriculum vit
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The Performance of Seaport Clusters
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