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Chapter 13 – Conclusions for Analyzing Clusters 199 The effects of governance variables on the structure of the cluster are given in Figure 20. Figure 20 Governance efforts to improve the cluster structure Governance efforts to improve the structure Structure Governance (Dis)Agglomeration forces Internal competition Cluster barriers Heterogeneity Intermediaries Trust Leader firms Collective action regimes The absence of trade-offs between the various variables is an assumption of the theoretical framework. In the cases, no evidence for the existence of such trade-offs was found. In the interviews the issue of the relation between effective governance and internal competition was raised and discussed. The preliminary conclusion on the basis of the interviews is that fierce internal competition can have a negative impact on the quality of the governance of the cluster, but not necessarily so. 13.12 Suggestions for further research In this study three cases of port clusters were analyzed. Conclusions of the three cases can be used for further research on clusters. Research on the institutional structure of clusters can build on institutional arrangements described in this study, such as a ‘regime manager’, a ‘cluster association’, and a ‘cluster manager’. Such research will contribute to the understanding of governance in clusters.
200 The Performance of Seaport Clusters A second suggestion for further research that builds on this research is the role of knowledge intermediaries. Port clusters do not seem to be well endowed with knowledge intermediaries. Firms indicate that they do access knowledge and information through intermediaries, but indicate that this is a ‘by product’. Further research could analyze the presence of knowledge intermediaries in various different clusters. A third suggestion for further research addresses the issue of the effects of internal competition on the quality of governance. It has become clear that firms in clusters compete and cooperate. However, experts indicate that in some cases, destructive competition can take place. This kind of competition does not go hand-in-hand with cooperation, but prevents it. The question under what conditions competition and cooperation are simultaneously possible, and if there is a threat of ‘destructive internal competition’ in (seaport) clusters is intriguing and still unanswered. This study suggests that opportunities for specialization might be relevant in this respect, but further research is required.
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PETER W. DE LANGEN The Performance
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The Performance of Seaport Clusters
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Preface v PREFACE My first publicat
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Preface vii The frequent question w
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x Emperical part: three cases of se
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1 INTRODUCTION Economists have alwa
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Chapter 1 - Introduction 3 1.2 Over
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Chapter 1 - Introduction 5 Second,
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2 CLUSTERS AS UNIT OF ANALYSIS In t
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Chapter 2 - Clusters as Unit of Ana
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20 The Performance of Seaport Clust
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22 Table 1: Four ways in which clus
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4 VARIABLES OF CLUSTER PERFORMANCE
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Chapter 4 - Variables of Cluster Pe
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5 CLUSTER STRUCTURE In this chapter
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Chapter 5 - Cluster Structure 41 Th
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Chapter 5 - Cluster Structure 43 ef
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Chapter 5 - Cluster Structure 45 Th
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Chapter 5 - Cluster Structure 47 fi
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Chapter 5 - Cluster Structure 49 va
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Chapter 5 - Cluster Structure 51 Ta
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54 6.1 Coordination in a cluster Th
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7 ANALYZING THE PERFORMANCE OF SEAP
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Chapter 7 - Analyzing the Performan
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8 CLUSTERING IN SEAPORTS In this ch
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Chapter 8 - Clustering in Seaports
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106 The Performance of Seaport Clus
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112 9.3.3 The presence of intermedi
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118 Figure 15: Optimal investment q
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10 STRUCTURE AND PERFORMANCE IN SEA
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Chapter 10 - Structure and Performa
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11 GOVERNANCE AND PERFORMANCE IN SE
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Chapter 11 - Governance and Perform
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Page 253 and 254: 240 The weight of the variables of
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English Summary 249 The Performance
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English Summary 251 The third schoo
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English Summary 253 The empirical p
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English Summary 255 Internal compet
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English Summary 257 • The innovat
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262 Tabel S1: Het effect van de vie
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Curriculum Vitae 271 Curriculum vit
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The Performance of Seaport Clusters
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