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Chapter 11 – Governance and Performance in Seaport Clusters; Results of the Cases 165 of the labor market, especially for vocational technical training. The coalitions are successful: the region has become the center of training for many port related functions. The training and education regime in Rotterdam has not been successful with regard to a second, and more difficult objective: the re-training of ‘redundant’ port workers. Due to containerization, the labor requirements in the cargo handling industry have diminished rapidly. Labor mobility is required to reduce this redundancy. In the Dutch context, forced mobility (firing employees) is very expensive. A program to re-train employees for enrolment outside the cargo handling industry could be an instrument to solve the labor redundancy. In Rotterdam, this has not been successful, with as a consequence persisting labor problems. Given the fact that labor costs are important in the cargo handling industry, this hampers Rotterdam’s performance (De Langen et al, 2003). The training and education regime; conclusions from the cases Huge differences in the training and education regime can be observed. In the LMPC, coalitions are hardly created and even though the potential benefits of collective action are recognized, actors are reluctant to invest (time) in improving the regime. In Rotterdam, the formation of coalitions is almost a routine. Various initiatives have been set up and add to the quality of the regime. Local and national governments play an ‘enabling role’ in this regime by providing funds. The organizational structure of this regime in Rotterdam is interesting: it is the only example where one organization (KMR) is specifically set up to improve the quality of the regime. The - stylized - role of KMR is visualized in Figure 16.
166 Figure 16: The regime manager in Rotterdam’s training and education regime Other projects/ organisations: -Industrial ecology -EIC -Syntens -Port-city project Private firms New education infrastructure Education providers KMR, ‘regime manager’ New learning tools The Performance of Seaport Clusters Governments Promotion education in Rotterdam In other cases, such a ‘regime manager’ could be instrumental for improving the quality of the training and education regime. Opportunities to improve the regimes in the three cases are given in Table 69. Table 69: Opportunities to improve the training and education regime Port cluster Opportunities to improve the training and education regime LMPC Initiative to attract external resources to improve the regime. Durban Collective action to improve the training and education infrastructure. Rotterdam Re-training to solve labor redundancy problems.
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PETER W. DE LANGEN The Performance
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The Performance of Seaport Clusters
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Preface v PREFACE My first publicat
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Preface vii The frequent question w
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x Emperical part: three cases of se
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1 INTRODUCTION Economists have alwa
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Chapter 1 - Introduction 3 1.2 Over
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Chapter 1 - Introduction 5 Second,
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2 CLUSTERS AS UNIT OF ANALYSIS In t
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Chapter 2 - Clusters as Unit of Ana
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20 The Performance of Seaport Clust
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22 Table 1: Four ways in which clus
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4 VARIABLES OF CLUSTER PERFORMANCE
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Chapter 4 - Variables of Cluster Pe
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5 CLUSTER STRUCTURE In this chapter
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Chapter 5 - Cluster Structure 41 Th
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Chapter 5 - Cluster Structure 43 ef
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Chapter 5 - Cluster Structure 45 Th
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Chapter 5 - Cluster Structure 47 fi
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Chapter 5 - Cluster Structure 49 va
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Chapter 5 - Cluster Structure 51 Ta
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54 6.1 Coordination in a cluster Th
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7 ANALYZING THE PERFORMANCE OF SEAP
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Chapter 7 - Analyzing the Performan
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8 CLUSTERING IN SEAPORTS In this ch
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Chapter 8 - Clustering in Seaports
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106 The Performance of Seaport Clus
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112 9.3.3 The presence of intermedi
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232 Industry experts The Performanc
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234 Agglomeration economies 10. Ind
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236 Cluster barriers Entry barriers
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238 Solving collective action probl
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240 The weight of the variables of
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Appendix 2: Cluster Experts in the
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Appendix 2: Cluster Experts in the
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English Summary 249 The Performance
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English Summary 251 The third schoo
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English Summary 253 The empirical p
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English Summary 255 Internal compet
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English Summary 257 • The innovat
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262 Tabel S1: Het effect van de vie
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Curriculum Vitae 271 Curriculum vit
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The Performance of Seaport Clusters
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