The Performance of Seaport Clusters - RePub - Erasmus Universiteit ...

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Chapter 11 – Governance and Performance in Seaport Clusters; Results of the Cases 163 The training and education regime in Durban The training and education regime in Durban is regarded as very important by the experts. The involvement of various organizations is given in Table 67. Table 67: Relevant initiatives/ investments in Durban’s training and education regime Mode of coordination Relevant initiatives/investments Hierarchies Firms have an incentive to invest in the training of their employees. The firms mostly contract education suppliers individually. Interfirm alliances Interfirm alliances do not play an important role in the training and education regime. Associations In Durban the associations play a limited role. They do not engage in ‘collective bargaining’ for their members, nor do they strive to improve the education infrastructure. Public-private partnerships Public organizations No public private partnerships have developed yet, the Portnet Academy (see below) could become such a venture. The Portnet Academy has the ambition to become the central provider of cluster related training and education. Currently, the Academy only trains the Portnet labor force. Training programs from basic vocational training to specific short courses in port management are offered. The university of Natal offers port related education programs, amongst others an MBA. The university has good links with firms in the port cluster. The key issue in the training and education regime in Durban is the quality of the ‘education infrastructure’. For higher education, this infrastructure is good: the University of Natal offers a port related master program. On the vocational level the training infrastructure is poor, as no institution offers good port related training programs. Given the incentives for firms to invest in training, collective action to make sure that these investments lead to a better education infrastructure, is an opportunity to improve the training and education regime. To set up this initiative, strong leader firm involvement is central, but (still) lacking. The training and education regime in Rotterdam The main characteristics of the training and education regime are given in Table 68.
164 Table 68: Initiatives/ investments in Rotterdam’s training and education regime Mode of coordination Relevant initiatives/investments The Performance of Seaport Clusters Hierarchies Huntsman and Shell are leader firms for training in the chemical industry. They put efforts in a joint training facility. Interfirm alliances Interfirm alliances are of limited importance in this regime Associations Associations, especially Deltalinqs, invest in the quality of the training and education infrastructure, for instance through sponsorship of the chair port economics at Erasmus University Rotterdam. Public-private partnerships Public organizations Deltalinqs also plays a role in finding resources for the ‘education and information center’ and the ‘process college’ (see below for a description of both initiatives). Third, Deltalinqs is involved in setting up a ‘young roundtable’ for young ‘high potentials’ in the port, in order to improve learning and networking and create an environment fertile for the ‘creative class’ to work in. Education and information center (EIC, http://www.eic-mainport.nl/) hosts visits from students of all ages and arranges company visits of schools to firms in the port. The center also provides educational material for primary schools. Process college (http://www.procescollege.nl/) a public private partnership to provide training for process operators in the chemical industry. The partners are four schools and the chemical industry in the port. Knowledge infrastructure mainport Rotterdam (KMR, http://www.kmr.nl/), is a ‘network organization’ aiming to free up resources to invest in training and education infrastructure. All relevant stakeholders are represented in the organization. KMR aims to develop/support coalitions, not to provide training. The process college’ and EIC are ‘spinoffs’ of KMR. The training and education infrastructure is relatively good and consists of at least five education providers, four of which cooperate under the name ‘Rotterdam Transport Schools’. The RMPM finances university chairs in port economics (together with Deltalinqs) and in cargo handling technology. RMPM also made money available for a ‘training and education fund’ for the cargo handling industry, provided the private sector also invests. No initiatives to use the fund have developed. Table 68 shows that the training and education regime consists of a large number of initiatives. Various coalitions are formed to improve the quality of the training and education infrastructure, and to increase the attractiveness of working in the port cluster. The large number of initiatives can be explained by the scarcity of well-trained labor in some segments
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PETER W. DE LANGEN The Performance
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The Performance of Seaport Clusters
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Preface v PREFACE My first publicat
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Preface vii The frequent question w
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x Emperical part: three cases of se
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1 INTRODUCTION Economists have alwa
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Chapter 1 - Introduction 3 1.2 Over
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Chapter 1 - Introduction 5 Second,
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2 CLUSTERS AS UNIT OF ANALYSIS In t
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Chapter 2 - Clusters as Unit of Ana
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20 The Performance of Seaport Clust
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22 Table 1: Four ways in which clus
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4 VARIABLES OF CLUSTER PERFORMANCE
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Chapter 4 - Variables of Cluster Pe
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5 CLUSTER STRUCTURE In this chapter
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Chapter 5 - Cluster Structure 41 Th
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Chapter 5 - Cluster Structure 43 ef
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Chapter 5 - Cluster Structure 45 Th
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Chapter 5 - Cluster Structure 47 fi
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Chapter 5 - Cluster Structure 49 va
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Chapter 5 - Cluster Structure 51 Ta
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54 6.1 Coordination in a cluster Th
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7 ANALYZING THE PERFORMANCE OF SEAP
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Chapter 7 - Analyzing the Performan
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8 CLUSTERING IN SEAPORTS In this ch
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Chapter 8 - Clustering in Seaports
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106 The Performance of Seaport Clus
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Page 125 and 126: 112 9.3.3 The presence of intermedi
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214 • Waste processing and recycl
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232 Industry experts The Performanc
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234 Agglomeration economies 10. Ind
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236 Cluster barriers Entry barriers
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238 Solving collective action probl
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240 The weight of the variables of
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Appendix 2: Cluster Experts in the
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Appendix 2: Cluster Experts in the
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English Summary 249 The Performance
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English Summary 251 The third schoo
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English Summary 253 The empirical p
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English Summary 255 Internal compet
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262 Tabel S1: Het effect van de vie
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Curriculum Vitae 271 Curriculum vit
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