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Chapter 12 – Analyzing Strenghts and Weaknesses of Seaport Clusters 181 The results show that the level of land prices and office rents is a serious weakness for the port of Rotterdam. Furthermore, the collective action regimes are a weakness, compared to Antwerp and the average score of ports. Third, the labor pool is a weakness of Rotterdam. The strengths of Rotterdam’s port cluster are the diversity of the cluster population, the presence of customers and suppliers and the presence of knowledge spillovers. These are relatively ‘advanced’ strengths: they are not easy to copy by competing ports. Two indicators of the performance of the port of Rotterdam are available: first the market share of Rotterdam in the throughput in the Hamburg Le Havre range. This market share is given in Table 77. Table 77: Changes in market share of Rotterdam 1989-2001 Year 1989 2001 Total throughput 43,1 36,6 Agribulk 47,2 31,7 Ores and scrap 45,1 44,5 Coal 35,1 34,0 Oil 62,0 53,7 Chemical products 40,0 28,8 Roll on/roll off 23,2 22,9 Containers 39,9 28,9 Other breakbulk 21,2 17,9 Source: RMPM (2003)
182 The evolution in market shares for containers is given in Table 78. Table 78: Market shares major North European ports in container throughput The Performance of Seaport Clusters Year R'dam Hamburg Antwerp Bremen Le Havre Zeebrugge 1991 38% 20% 17% 12% 8% 4% 1992 39% 20% 17% 11% 6% 6% 1993 38% 21% 16% 11% 7% 5% 1994 40% 22% 18% 12% 6% 5% 1995 37% 21% 18% 11% 6% 5% 1996 36% 21% 20% 11% 6% 4% 1997 36% 21% 20% 11% 7% 5% 1998 35% 21% 20% 10% 7% 5% 1999 34% 21% 20% 11% 7% 5% 2000 31% 22% 21% 13% 7% 6% 2001 29% 23% 22% 14% 7% 5% Source: RMPM, 2003 Figures on the value added generated in Rotterdam’s port cluster are given in Table 79. Table 79: Value added generated in the Rotterdam’s port cluster Year Value added in € million Cargo throughput in million ton Value added (€ per ton) 1987 4,460 255 17,5 1990 5,492 288 19,0 1993 5,431 282 19,2 1996 5,334 288 18,5 1999 5,904 300 19,7 2000 7,451 318 23,4 2001 7,611 314 24,2 Source: Nationale Havenraad, 2003
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PETER W. DE LANGEN The Performance
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The Performance of Seaport Clusters
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Preface v PREFACE My first publicat
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Preface vii The frequent question w
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x Emperical part: three cases of se
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1 INTRODUCTION Economists have alwa
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Chapter 1 - Introduction 3 1.2 Over
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Chapter 1 - Introduction 5 Second,
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2 CLUSTERS AS UNIT OF ANALYSIS In t
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Chapter 2 - Clusters as Unit of Ana
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20 The Performance of Seaport Clust
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22 Table 1: Four ways in which clus
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4 VARIABLES OF CLUSTER PERFORMANCE
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Chapter 4 - Variables of Cluster Pe
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5 CLUSTER STRUCTURE In this chapter
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Chapter 5 - Cluster Structure 41 Th
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Chapter 5 - Cluster Structure 43 ef
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Chapter 5 - Cluster Structure 45 Th
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Chapter 5 - Cluster Structure 47 fi
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Chapter 5 - Cluster Structure 49 va
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Chapter 5 - Cluster Structure 51 Ta
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54 6.1 Coordination in a cluster Th
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7 ANALYZING THE PERFORMANCE OF SEAP
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Chapter 7 - Analyzing the Performan
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8 CLUSTERING IN SEAPORTS In this ch
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Chapter 8 - Clustering in Seaports
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106 The Performance of Seaport Clus
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112 9.3.3 The presence of intermedi
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118 Figure 15: Optimal investment q
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10 STRUCTURE AND PERFORMANCE IN SEA
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Chapter 10 - Structure and Performa
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232 Industry experts The Performanc
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234 Agglomeration economies 10. Ind
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236 Cluster barriers Entry barriers
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238 Solving collective action probl
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240 The weight of the variables of
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Appendix 2: Cluster Experts in the
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Appendix 2: Cluster Experts in the
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English Summary 249 The Performance
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English Summary 251 The third schoo
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English Summary 253 The empirical p
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English Summary 255 Internal compet
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English Summary 257 • The innovat
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262 Tabel S1: Het effect van de vie
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Curriculum Vitae 271 Curriculum vit
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The Performance of Seaport Clusters
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