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Chapter 7 – Analyzing the Performance of Seaport Clusters 79 diverse traffic base and relatively many activities related to cargo handling. Durban is the port with the second highest throughput of Africa, and has a much more diverse traffic base than the largest African port, Richards Bay, where coal is by en large the dominant commodity. Furthermore, these three ports are important for the regional economy. All three generate substantial employment (about 8-15 % of all jobs) in the region. The port and related industries are clearly a ‘specialization’ of the three regions involved. Finally, all three ports are located in urban regions of similar size. The regions are relatively small in relation to the cargo throughput. All three ports serve large hinterlands: Rotterdam serves North West Europe, Durban serves South Africa and Southern Africa and The Lower Mississippi serves the mid-west of the United States. Thus, all ports have a transit function. Table 13 shows three characteristics of these three cases. Table 13: Three characteristics of the cases (2002) Port Total throughput Container throughput Estimate of inhabitants in the metropolitan region Rotterdam About 320 million tons About 6 million TEU About 1.2 million inhabitants Durban About 48 million tons About 1.2 million TEU About 1.2 million inhabitants Lower Mississippi About 381 million tons (420 million metric tons) About 0.3 million TEU About 1.4 million inhabitants Sources: RMPM (2003) Louisiana Ports Association (2003) National Port Authority of South Africa (2003) 7.6.1 The port of Rotterdam The port of Rotterdam is located centrally in the Northwest of Europe. The port is situated at the end of the rivers Rhine and Maas, Europe's most important inland waterways. Inland connections by inland waterways, rail, highway and pipeline are well developed. The port serves a large hinterland, including parts of Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Rotterdam is by far the largest port in the Netherlands: about 75% of the total throughput of the Netherlands is handled in Rotterdam and about 45% of all value added in Dutch
80 The Performance of Seaport Clusters seaports is generated in Rotterdam (Nationale Havenraad, 2003). Table 14 shows the throughput figures of Rotterdam. Table 14: Throughput in the port of Rotterdam (2002) Commodity Throughput * 1000 ton Dry bulk 83,427 Liquid bulk 155,925 Ro-Ro 9,669 Containers 65,849 General Cargo 7,235 Total 322,107 Source: RMPM (2003) 7.6.2 The port of Durban Durban is situated in the South East of South Africa in the province of Kwazulu-Natal. The port is predominantly a general cargo port and handles 20% of South Africa's total port traffic. The port of Durban serves a large hinterland: cargo with origin or destination in other regions of South Africa as well as other countries such as Zimbabwe and Botswana are handled in Durban. The majority of imports for and exports of Gauteng (the most industrialized and populated region of South Africa, in the proximity of Johannesburg and Pretoria) move through the port of Durban. The size of the port area, the diversity of port facilities, the size and diversity of its traffic base, and the large support network of ancillary industries make Durban the leading port of Southern Africa and the largest port of Africa 56 . Durban's Container Terminal is the busiest in Africa and handled more than 1.200.000 TEU in 2002 (National Port Authority of South Africa, 2003). 56 In terms of throughput volume Richard’s Bay is larger, but Richard’s Bay is a pure bulk port, over 90% of the cargo is handled by one coal terminal.
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PETER W. DE LANGEN The Performance
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The Performance of Seaport Clusters
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Preface v PREFACE My first publicat
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Preface vii The frequent question w
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x Emperical part: three cases of se
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1 INTRODUCTION Economists have alwa
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Chapter 1 - Introduction 3 1.2 Over
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Chapter 1 - Introduction 5 Second,
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2 CLUSTERS AS UNIT OF ANALYSIS In t
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Chapter 2 - Clusters as Unit of Ana
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20 The Performance of Seaport Clust
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22 Table 1: Four ways in which clus
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4 VARIABLES OF CLUSTER PERFORMANCE
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Chapter 4 - Variables of Cluster Pe
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Chapter 10 - Structure and Performa
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11 GOVERNANCE AND PERFORMANCE IN SE
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Chapter 11 - Governance and Perform
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178 Table 74: Number of experts tha
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180 The Performance of Seaport Clus
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182 The evolution in market shares
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188 Table 85: Concentration pattern
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13 CONCLUSIONS FOR ANALYZING CLUSTE
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Chapter 13 - Conclusions for Analyz
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14 CONCLUSIONS ON SEAPORT CLUSTERS
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Chapter 14 - Conclusions on Seaport
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214 • Waste processing and recycl
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232 Industry experts The Performanc
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234 Agglomeration economies 10. Ind
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236 Cluster barriers Entry barriers
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238 Solving collective action probl
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240 The weight of the variables of
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Appendix 2: Cluster Experts in the
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Appendix 2: Cluster Experts in the
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English Summary 249 The Performance
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English Summary 251 The third schoo
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English Summary 253 The empirical p
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English Summary 255 Internal compet
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English Summary 257 • The innovat
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262 Tabel S1: Het effect van de vie
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Curriculum Vitae 271 Curriculum vit
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The Performance of Seaport Clusters
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