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expressed. In this sense they are symbolically opposite to English conversation, where proffered selves are rarely examined or challenged but rather are allowed to be played out relatively unhindered. The demeaned self is again a rather broad conceptualisation, but one which nonetheless points to a salient symbolic resource frequently mobilised in the playing out of German sociable episodes. Interestingly, the demeaned self allows for the identification of one of the most salient ways in which German and English speakers differ in terms of their sociable styles. Similar to the English use of the abased self (see 7.3.1), German conversational ists frequently mobilise demeaned selves both in response to others in situ and - albeit less frequently due to the lower frequency of narrative - as a replayed figure in replayed events and experiences. In general, whereas the abased self of English sociable conversation is in effect deference oriented, the demeaned self is, by definition demeanour oriented (see Goffman 1967). In terms of alignment vis-A-vis other selves mobilised in situ, whereas the abased self in English essentially stoops down to the individuated self being presented, in German, the demeaned self rises up to meet head on (or rather face on) any co-present self. Conversationally this leads to the prima facie combative style of German agonism that has been described in previous chapters (see Chapter 2), as opposed to the accommodative style characteristic of English sociable conversation (see Chapter 6). One frequent conversational environment where German speakers mobilise demeaned selves is those where some 'attack' has been made, not infrequently do the sudden mobilisation and alignment of an examining self (see above). In such instances, as I noted above, the recipient often conversationally adopts a defensive posture. Indeed, this constant readiness to 'defend with demeanour' one's position seems not only an endemic part of participation in German sociable episodes but almost a basic involvement obligation (Goffman 1963) (Cf. Watts 1989; Straehle 1997). The following episode illustrates the defensive demeaned self rising up to challenge a mobilised examining self. 212
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Excerpt 7.9 "Second-Hand' Shop' KN has probed SN as to her reasons for not being able to meet up the following day. KN subsequently attempts to re-arrange SN's personal schedule based on a suggested course of action. KN: Ach ja du kommst ja morgen a: bend=ne (1) SD: Ja ich hab'n grosses Problem=ich brauch Micha's Beteiligung mit uns nach Braunschweig zu [gehen KN: [NA=JA mit'm Second Hand das hat ja auch Zeil ([ SD: [Ja die sind aber nicht immer zusammen da: =das ist doch [das KN: [ACH DANN rufst du halt noch mal an (2) SD: \Arie beim Second Hand [Laden KN: [Ja:: dann kommst du halt ein andermal machst einen anderen [Termin aus SD: [NEIN=ja=NEIN DAS PROBlem ist dass die beide nicht immer zusammen da [sind KN: [JA DANN FRAGste wann sie noch zusammen da sind oder so:: (1) SD: Ja aber die Sachen stehn ja da rum die wollen die ja auch loswer[den und KN: [Hm SD: deshalb irgendwie muss ich das morgen abend hinkriegen (1) mal sehen Excerpt 7.9 Translation "Second-Hand' Shop' KN: Oh yeah you're coming tomorrow e: vening=aren't you (1) SID: Yeah I have a big problem=l need Micha's support to go to BraunsIchweig KN: [OH=YEAH with second hand that'got Ti: me ([ SID: [Yeah but they're not always togethe r-- [that's it KN: [OH THEN you just phone again (2) SID: Like at the second hand [shop KN: [yea:: h and then you go round some other time and make an [appointment SID: [NO=yeah=NO THE PROBlem ist that the two aren't always toge[ther KN: [YEAH THAN ASk them when they are still together there or so:: (1) SID: Yeah but the stuff is standing around there and they want to get (rid of it KN: [Hm SID: That's why I have to manage tomorrow evening (1) we'll see 213
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FACEWORK IN ENGLISH AND GERMAN SOCI
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CHAPTER 4: DOING SOCIA(B)L(E) SCIEN
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Table List of Tables 1.1 Archetypal
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Conversational Excerpts Excerpt Pag
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Acknowledgments Acknowledgements se
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The 'Research Problem' Introduction
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Taking these problematics as a star
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At the time, this proposal seemed e
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the self and its relationship to on
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activity of sociable conversation,
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including the application of the fa
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CHAPTER I FACE AND FACEWORK: CONCEP
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1.1 Foundational Texts In order to
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communicative action could be seen
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Fig. 1.1 Goffman's Model of Ritual
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distribution of his feelings, and t
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empirically difficult' phenomenon (
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etween self and other). Conversatio
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allowing in effect a speaker to cri
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as an equilibric practice, allowing
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universality, particularly in studi
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Table 1.3 Individualist (LCC) and C
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Morisaki and Gudykunst (1994) emplo
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Mao (1994) addresses this tension b
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Tannen's work (1981 a; 1981 b) perh
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1.3 Culture, Facework, Equilibrium
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facework operates on an underlying
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CHAPTER 2 ANGLO-SAXON CHALK AND TEU
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impolite. However, I soon came to r
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in potential or actual conflict sit
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salient differences. For example, G
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Watts observed that German conversa
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Finally, although Watts argued that
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elatively little overlap, and a gen
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contributions, with the former set
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fully and substantively, what was r
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oriented to unmitigated disagreemen
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2.3 Communicative Underpinnings The
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service but by more confrontational
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Finally, additional explanatory dim
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specific communicative practices, a
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Brown and Levinson (1987). Indeed,
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Notes to Chapter 2 11 use the term
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This chapter then can be regarded a
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asic irreducible sociological varia
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Fraser (1990) who, in also attempti
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particularly amenable to such a heu
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identify certain underlying dynamic
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In fact, these two opposing orienta
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at any given point in the flow of c
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orderly and meaningful conversation
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locally managed and constantly in d
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Poles of Alignment Fig. 3.6 Sociabl
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toward a clearer understanding of w
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Notes to Chapter 3 1 See also Brown
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4.1 Research Questions In the previ
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eferring to as sociable includes in
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The decision on quantity of data wa
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largely anecdotal evidence from whi
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such as laughter sequences. I also
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Table 4.3 Data: Omissions from Anal
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The obtrusiveness of my recording w
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hand, I did not want to engage in t
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German. However, these episodes asi
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presented here provides a necessary
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two chapters (Chapters 6 and 7). He
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Hand shakes for example were infreq
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eing invariably solidaric in nature
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claimed on the part of the particip
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Table 5.1 Sociable Topics Topic Cat
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in my observations of German sociab
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collective past peppered with indiv
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In the next chapter I want to explo
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CHAPTER 6 ALIGNMENT IN ACTION: NEGA
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shall not be carried forward into t
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These various symbols are intended
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Rather than
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19 EP: ' [Although I mean that [now
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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detrimental effects foreigners are
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41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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28 HB: but at the end of the day >1
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Page 183 and 184: What happens in this particular exc
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Page 189 and 190: What happens here is that KIP proff
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Page 197 and 198: and English differences in conversa
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Page 217 and 218: Excerpt 7.6'Up a Hill' The sociable
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Page 241 and 242: of these selves at conversational w
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Page 249 and 250: Fig 8.2b The Individuated Selves (a
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6 (0.5) 7 EP: America is booming at
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own unemployment levels -a concern
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In terms of the selves mobilised, t
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in 'Cookie's Party'- again, a secon
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35 GB: kann man nie als [endgültig
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is HB: =Yeah not at all but e:: rm=
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episode takes place. Rather, the ta
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The excerpt begins as HB is proffer
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What this talk demonstrates is that
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N work or'Arbeit' being an extremel
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demeaned and knowledgeable selves (
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preceding comments regarding sociab
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CHAPTER 9 CONCLUSION: THE TO AND FR
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identified in conversational behavi
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handled sociable topics, in terms o
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to bring themselves and their inter
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sociable conversation. This sociabl
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maintain the underlying equilibrium
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allowed for by the facework as alig
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somebody who is overly-friendly, ge
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Fig 9.2 A Maxim of Conversational P
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Notes to Chapter 9 1 When we are ta
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German Participants Name Age Occupa
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German Gatherings Gathering Date Se
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Brown, G., and Yule, G. (1983) Disc
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Ervin-Tripp, S., Nakamura, K, and G
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Hellweg, S A., Samovar, L A., and S
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Hu, H C. (1944) The Chinese concept
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- (1979) 'Stylistic Strategies with
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- (1994) 'Facework in Communication
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Snell-Hornby, M.. (1984) 'The Lingu
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Trubisky, P., Ting-Toomey, S., and
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