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5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 (1) GB: That's the other part of the suburb (0.5) PB: Little Chica:: go= GB: =Hm:: (3) PB: YEAH=but when people say Westhagen then (0.5) they always compare it (1) with this other (1) part of the suburb you know (1.5) GB: Yeah and this part of the town is becoming really sgua: lid down there= SH: =>I find it unbelie: vable that they don't do [anything there eh= GB: [Yeah GB: =YEAH GB: The businesses are moving away [because the Russians are spreading SH: [YEAH::: out more and more=they [have their own [shops there (1) 1 don't [know how HB: [Hm:: [Yeah [Yeah=Yeah many shops they [have taken over [there HB: [You know [a HB: A Russian [shop GB: [And we don't do there any more at all that's all too foreian for me down there=l mean they speak all sorts of languages=but no German (0.5) you know-->What am I supposed to do there< Other topical resources for the mobilisation of agonised selves in my data included such things as dwindling pension funds and the ontological threats associated with being able to survive as a Rentner [Pensioner], any current political crisis, or world stability - topics which received little if any treatment in my English data set. As an English national, this routine mobilisation of agonised selves against Auslaenders was one of the first things that struck me about German sociable conversation. However, in line with the already established German tendency for objective discussion over affective expression, I soon came top realise that German conversational treatment of foreigners proceeded along the lines of discussion the problem rather than outright stigmatisation and discrimination. At moments during the playing out of German social episodes, participants explicitly signal agreement and solidarity over an issue which could very well and perhaps might have already been the resource for negative alignment. It is in these conversational environments that the confirmative self is mobilised. I mentioned above that the examining self is often mobilised as a 226
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 negative entity, aligned to, for example, the propositional correctness or clarity of a particular speakers claim. In effect, the confirmative self is the positive equivalent of the examining self. confirmative selves are mobilised commonly in conversational environments where some objective claims are being made - commonly through, for example, a Knowledgeable or demeaned self. Such selves are realised and evidenced conversationally most clearly in utterances such as 'ganz genau' ['completely correct'], 'stimmt' ['that's right] which pepper German sociable conversation. Confirmative selves are not restricted to isolated individual confirmative moves, but are often mobilised collectively over a series of turns as recognisable alignment phases. This joint and collective alignment of confirmative selves plays itself out as a common phase of German sociable conversation - and one prima facie contra to the findings outlined in the literature reviewed in Chapter 2- whereby participants engage in heightened expression of reciprocally confirmative solidarity, as in the following excerpt. Excerpt 7.16 'Das Stimmt' KN: "'rja: 0 (1) die Wirtin sagt teilweise die aus der-Ex-DDR (0.5) die stellen so=hohe Ansprü: [che EP: IJA=JA= HB: =JA=JA (0.5) (*ja*)=genau das: [haben wir Oda=auch. " KN: HB: [Wenn wir-wenn WIR Rü: ber kommen wir (0.5) wissen=>[na ja gut das ist da< ei: nfache:: r-- GB: =Hum:: [: KN: [Aber--die (0.5) GB: Ja=das stimmt= HB: =JA=JA GB: Nicht nur [im=im Urlaub KN: [Nicht ALLE aber--es gibt [so einige: GB: [überALL wo die -hinfahren [stellen die HB: [JA=JA Ans[prüche: KN: [Ja:: HB: Ja=ja= GB: =Was meinst du wo: hl= HB: =HM 227
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FACEWORK IN ENGLISH AND GERMAN SOCI
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CHAPTER 4: DOING SOCIA(B)L(E) SCIEN
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Table List of Tables 1.1 Archetypal
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Conversational Excerpts Excerpt Pag
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Acknowledgments Acknowledgements se
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The 'Research Problem' Introduction
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Taking these problematics as a star
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At the time, this proposal seemed e
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the self and its relationship to on
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activity of sociable conversation,
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including the application of the fa
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CHAPTER I FACE AND FACEWORK: CONCEP
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1.1 Foundational Texts In order to
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communicative action could be seen
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Fig. 1.1 Goffman's Model of Ritual
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distribution of his feelings, and t
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empirically difficult' phenomenon (
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etween self and other). Conversatio
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allowing in effect a speaker to cri
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as an equilibric practice, allowing
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universality, particularly in studi
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Table 1.3 Individualist (LCC) and C
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Morisaki and Gudykunst (1994) emplo
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Mao (1994) addresses this tension b
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Tannen's work (1981 a; 1981 b) perh
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1.3 Culture, Facework, Equilibrium
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facework operates on an underlying
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CHAPTER 2 ANGLO-SAXON CHALK AND TEU
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impolite. However, I soon came to r
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in potential or actual conflict sit
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salient differences. For example, G
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Watts observed that German conversa
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Finally, although Watts argued that
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elatively little overlap, and a gen
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contributions, with the former set
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fully and substantively, what was r
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oriented to unmitigated disagreemen
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2.3 Communicative Underpinnings The
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service but by more confrontational
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Finally, additional explanatory dim
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specific communicative practices, a
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Brown and Levinson (1987). Indeed,
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Notes to Chapter 2 11 use the term
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This chapter then can be regarded a
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asic irreducible sociological varia
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Fraser (1990) who, in also attempti
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particularly amenable to such a heu
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identify certain underlying dynamic
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In fact, these two opposing orienta
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at any given point in the flow of c
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orderly and meaningful conversation
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locally managed and constantly in d
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Poles of Alignment Fig. 3.6 Sociabl
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toward a clearer understanding of w
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Notes to Chapter 3 1 See also Brown
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4.1 Research Questions In the previ
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eferring to as sociable includes in
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The decision on quantity of data wa
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largely anecdotal evidence from whi
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such as laughter sequences. I also
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Table 4.3 Data: Omissions from Anal
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The obtrusiveness of my recording w
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hand, I did not want to engage in t
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German. However, these episodes asi
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presented here provides a necessary
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two chapters (Chapters 6 and 7). He
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Hand shakes for example were infreq
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eing invariably solidaric in nature
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claimed on the part of the particip
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Table 5.1 Sociable Topics Topic Cat
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in my observations of German sociab
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collective past peppered with indiv
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In the next chapter I want to explo
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CHAPTER 6 ALIGNMENT IN ACTION: NEGA
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shall not be carried forward into t
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These various symbols are intended
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Rather than
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19 EP: ' [Although I mean that [now
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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detrimental effects foreigners are
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41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52
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28 HB: but at the end of the day >1
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approach, I hope to further illumin
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37 KJ: I never had any day to day (
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2 bevor (. ) die Schlange nicht zeh
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ot non-ratifi cation and non-suppor
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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What happens in this particular exc
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Page 189 and 190: What happens here is that KIP proff
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Page 197 and 198: and English differences in conversa
Page 199 and 200: Notes to Chapter 6 1 The only insta
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Page 207 and 208: I will shortly illustrate how each
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Page 217 and 218: Excerpt 7.6'Up a Hill' The sociable
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Page 225 and 226: Excerpt 7.10 Was muss Mann machen?
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Page 241 and 242: of these selves at conversational w
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Page 249 and 250: Fig 8.2b The Individuated Selves (a
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Page 265 and 266: however, such narrating selves are
Page 267 and 268: Running alongside these narrative s
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Page 273 and 274: 6 (0.5) 7 EP: America is booming at
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Page 277 and 278: In terms of the selves mobilised, t
Page 279 and 280: in 'Cookie's Party'- again, a secon
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The excerpt begins as HB is proffer
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What this talk demonstrates is that
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N work or'Arbeit' being an extremel
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demeaned and knowledgeable selves (
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preceding comments regarding sociab
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CHAPTER 9 CONCLUSION: THE TO AND FR
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identified in conversational behavi
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handled sociable topics, in terms o
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to bring themselves and their inter
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sociable conversation. This sociabl
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maintain the underlying equilibrium
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allowed for by the facework as alig
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somebody who is overly-friendly, ge
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Fig 9.2 A Maxim of Conversational P
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Notes to Chapter 9 1 When we are ta
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German Participants Name Age Occupa
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German Gatherings Gathering Date Se
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Brown, G., and Yule, G. (1983) Disc
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Ervin-Tripp, S., Nakamura, K, and G
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Hellweg, S A., Samovar, L A., and S
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Hu, H C. (1944) The Chinese concept
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- (1979) 'Stylistic Strategies with
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- (1994) 'Facework in Communication
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Snell-Hornby, M.. (1984) 'The Lingu
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Trubisky, P., Ting-Toomey, S., and
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