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Kotthoff, H. (1988) 'So Nah und doch So Fern: Deutsche-Amerikanische Pragmatische Unterschiede im Oniversitären Milieu', DaF 4,448-459. - (1989) 'Stilunterschiede in Argumentativen Gesprächen oder zum Geselligkeitswert von Dissens', in Hinnenkamp, V. and Selting, M. (eds. ) Stil und Stilisierung: Arbeiten zur Interpretiven Soziolinguistic. Tübingen, Max Niemeyer, pp. 187-202. - (1991) 'Lemersprachliche und Interkulturelle Ursachen für Kommunikative Irrationen', Liguistiche Berichte 135,375-397. - (1993) 'Disagreement and Concession in Disputes: On the Context Sensitivity of Preference Structures', Language in Society 22,193-216. - (1994) 'Zur Rolle der Konversationanalyse in der Interkulturelen Kommunikationsforschung. Gesprächsbeendigungen im Schnittfeld von M ikro und Makro', Zeitschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Linguistic 93, 75-96. Krenn, M. (1991) 'Contrastive Discourse Analysis: Headings in American and German Computer Manuals', in Bahner, W. (ed. ) Proceedings of the 14th World Congress Of Linguistics. Berlin, Verlag, pp. 2159-2161. Kress, G. (1985) Linguistic Processes in Socio-cultural Practice. Geelong, Deakin University Press. Kuhn, E. (1995) 'Germany vs. 'The South' or: Should (and can? ) Second Language Learners be Taught How to be 'Rude' or'Sweet'?. Proceedings of the Twenty-first Annual Meeting of the Berkely Linguistics Society, pp. 209-216. Lakoff, R. (1973) 'The Logic of Politeness: or, Minding Your P's and q's', in Corum, C (ed. ) Papers from the Ninth Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistics Society, pp. 292-305. 318
- (1979) 'Stylistic Strategies within a Grammar of Style', in Orasanu J., Slater M., and Adler, L L. (eds. ) Language, Sex, and Gender., Does La Difference Make a Difference, The Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. 327, pp. 53-80. Lee, D A., and Peck, J J. (1995) 'Troubled Waters: Argument as Sociability Revisited', Language in Society, 24,29-52. Leech, G. (1983) Principles of Pragmatics. London Longman. Lebra, T S. (1976) Japanese Patterns of Behaviour. New York, Oxford University Press. Lim, T., and Bowers, J W. (1 991)'Facework: Solidarity, Approbation, and Tact', Human Communication Research 17(3), 415-450. Luchtenberg, S. (1994) 'A Friendly Voice to Help You vs. Working Through Your Manual: Pragmatic Differences Between American and German Software Manuals', Journal of Pragmatics 21,315-319. McLaughlin, M L., Cody, M J., and O'Hair, H D. (1983) 'The Management of Failure Events: Some Contextual Determinants of Accounting Behaviour, Human Communication Research Vol. 9 No. 3,208-224. MacGowan, J. (1912) Men and Manners of Modem China. London, Unwin. Malinowski, B. (1934) Coral Gardens and their Magic, Vol /I. London, Allen & Unmfin. Malone, M. (1997) Worlds of Talk., The Presentation of Self in Everyday Conversation. Cambridge, Polity. Mao, L R. (1994) 'Beyond Politeness Theory: 'Face' Revisited and Renewed', Journal of Pragmatics 21,451-486. 319
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FACEWORK IN ENGLISH AND GERMAN SOCI
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CHAPTER 4: DOING SOCIA(B)L(E) SCIEN
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Table List of Tables 1.1 Archetypal
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Conversational Excerpts Excerpt Pag
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Acknowledgments Acknowledgements se
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The 'Research Problem' Introduction
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Taking these problematics as a star
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At the time, this proposal seemed e
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the self and its relationship to on
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activity of sociable conversation,
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including the application of the fa
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CHAPTER I FACE AND FACEWORK: CONCEP
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1.1 Foundational Texts In order to
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communicative action could be seen
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Fig. 1.1 Goffman's Model of Ritual
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distribution of his feelings, and t
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empirically difficult' phenomenon (
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etween self and other). Conversatio
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allowing in effect a speaker to cri
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as an equilibric practice, allowing
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universality, particularly in studi
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Table 1.3 Individualist (LCC) and C
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Morisaki and Gudykunst (1994) emplo
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Mao (1994) addresses this tension b
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Tannen's work (1981 a; 1981 b) perh
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1.3 Culture, Facework, Equilibrium
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facework operates on an underlying
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CHAPTER 2 ANGLO-SAXON CHALK AND TEU
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impolite. However, I soon came to r
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in potential or actual conflict sit
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salient differences. For example, G
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Watts observed that German conversa
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Finally, although Watts argued that
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elatively little overlap, and a gen
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contributions, with the former set
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fully and substantively, what was r
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oriented to unmitigated disagreemen
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2.3 Communicative Underpinnings The
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service but by more confrontational
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Finally, additional explanatory dim
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specific communicative practices, a
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Brown and Levinson (1987). Indeed,
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Notes to Chapter 2 11 use the term
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This chapter then can be regarded a
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asic irreducible sociological varia
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Fraser (1990) who, in also attempti
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particularly amenable to such a heu
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identify certain underlying dynamic
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In fact, these two opposing orienta
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at any given point in the flow of c
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orderly and meaningful conversation
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locally managed and constantly in d
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Poles of Alignment Fig. 3.6 Sociabl
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toward a clearer understanding of w
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Notes to Chapter 3 1 See also Brown
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4.1 Research Questions In the previ
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eferring to as sociable includes in
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The decision on quantity of data wa
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largely anecdotal evidence from whi
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such as laughter sequences. I also
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Table 4.3 Data: Omissions from Anal
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The obtrusiveness of my recording w
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hand, I did not want to engage in t
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German. However, these episodes asi
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presented here provides a necessary
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two chapters (Chapters 6 and 7). He
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Hand shakes for example were infreq
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eing invariably solidaric in nature
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claimed on the part of the particip
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Table 5.1 Sociable Topics Topic Cat
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in my observations of German sociab
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collective past peppered with indiv
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In the next chapter I want to explo
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CHAPTER 6 ALIGNMENT IN ACTION: NEGA
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shall not be carried forward into t
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These various symbols are intended
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Rather than
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19 EP: ' [Although I mean that [now
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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detrimental effects foreigners are
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41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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28 HB: but at the end of the day >1
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approach, I hope to further illumin
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37 KJ: I never had any day to day (
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2 bevor (. ) die Schlange nicht zeh
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ot non-ratifi cation and non-suppor
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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What happens in this particular exc
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To reiterate, positive threshold br
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41 LIP: [IN FACT THERE WAs quite a
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What happens here is that KIP proff
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17 KH: the road (1) >and if he want
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1 2 3 4 5 6 which a new set of indi
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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and English differences in conversa
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Notes to Chapter 6 1 The only insta
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study is a sociological one, and it
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performer, a player, an image, a fi
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English cultures respectively. In a
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I will shortly illustrate how each
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18 KJ: [(Graphic drawin)= 19 LM: =O
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The in-the-know self is a second sy
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documentaries to having witnessed r
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 is
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Excerpt 7.6'Up a Hill' The sociable
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RP&EP's mobilisation of an in-the-k
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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Excerpt 7.10 Was muss Mann machen?
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Often, knowledgeable selves are ali
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7.4 Positive Selves I suggested ear
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27 RP: =get out of it= 28 LM: =. HH
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 is
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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of these selves at conversational w
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develop the comparative focus, one
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CHAPTER 8 ALIGNING SELVES IN THE AC
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atification and support of unique,
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Fig 8.2b The Individuated Selves (a
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Excerpt 8.1 'Cookie's Party' I LM:
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Beginning with the topic of convers
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as re-invoking selves. The category
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An interesting phenomenon which is
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An additional consequence of alignm
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Conversely, in considering the next
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100 KP: I mean you see two or three
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however, such narrating selves are
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Running alongside these narrative s
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capabilities of KP&EP and in this w
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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6 (0.5) 7 EP: America is booming at
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own unemployment levels -a concern
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Page 283 and 284: is HB: =Yeah not at all but e:: rm=
Page 285 and 286: episode takes place. Rather, the ta
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Page 289 and 290: What this talk demonstrates is that
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Page 295 and 296: preceding comments regarding sociab
Page 297 and 298: CHAPTER 9 CONCLUSION: THE TO AND FR
Page 299 and 300: identified in conversational behavi
Page 301 and 302: handled sociable topics, in terms o
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Page 305 and 306: sociable conversation. This sociabl
Page 307 and 308: maintain the underlying equilibrium
Page 309 and 310: allowed for by the facework as alig
Page 311 and 312: somebody who is overly-friendly, ge
Page 313 and 314: Fig 9.2 A Maxim of Conversational P
Page 315 and 316: Notes to Chapter 9 1 When we are ta
Page 317 and 318: German Participants Name Age Occupa
Page 319 and 320: German Gatherings Gathering Date Se
Page 321 and 322: Brown, G., and Yule, G. (1983) Disc
Page 323 and 324: Ervin-Tripp, S., Nakamura, K, and G
Page 325 and 326: Hellweg, S A., Samovar, L A., and S
Page 327: Hu, H C. (1944) The Chinese concept
Page 331 and 332: - (1994) 'Facework in Communication
Page 333 and 334: Snell-Hornby, M.. (1984) 'The Lingu
Page 335 and 336: Trubisky, P., Ting-Toomey, S., and
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