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made and mobilised by their fellow participants. In this way, participants are able to talk about 'Internationale Arbeitslosigkeit' in the normative and recognisable way they do. Similar to English conversation though, such ratification and support need not rely on the mobilisation and alignment of similar sociable selves as I shall now demonstrate by considering the final of the conversational data to be considered here, 'Studierien als Hobby'. Having considered a data from a sociable episode which was essentially positively aligned in nature, I now want to consider the second of my German episodes, this time one marked by a typical example of German negative alignment. Excerpt 8.4 'Studieren als Hobby' SH: Die Braunschweiger haben auch ['nen [komischen Dialekt HB: [Erm GB: [Nein, der Robert GB: der Robert [macht schon was eigenes= SH: [Komischen Dialekt HB: =Na gut, das kann ja das kann dem Robert vielleicht [auch GB: [Die Elke macht Sprachforschung HB: Es geht ihm vielleicht [auch um was anderes er [ist ja e::: r GB: [und der [der Robert macht Soziologie= HB: =Ja (. ) en:: GB: [also das sind zwei verschiedene Schuhe HB: Ja, eh [stimmt GB: [Hat das eine mit dem [anderen überhaupt nichts zu tun= HB: [Stimmt HB: =Ja überhaupt nicht abe:: r er:: m= GB: =Nenee es hat nichts da[mit zu tun HB: [Es geht ihm vielleicht [auch um was anderes KB: [Geht's um die Sprachen, HB: dabei da wer will das jetzt wissen (0.5) daß die jetzt wird [sie jetzt vom Lande GB: [Ach oder von der Stadt bezahlt [ode: r GB: [Der stellt die These auf der [stellt die These KH: [Denn das ist ja GB: auf weißte und dann wird das widerlegt, und dann KH: das kannst Du ja nicht verkaufen sowas ( GB: kommen wieder neue [Erkenntnisse dazu und das ist also KH: HB: Hm:: 270
35 GB: kann man nie als [endgültiges Ergebnis nehmen 36 KH: NVie wird sie denn jetzt bezahlt vom vom vom=Land 37 oder wie wird das bezahlt 38 (0.5) 39 HB: hhhh=Die hat nu::: r'ne eh >Bafög gekriegt< ne (1) als Zuschuß (1.5) wir 40 mußten auch noch zuzahlen damit sie [studieren konnte 41 KH: [>Ja gut aber irgendwas ist ja 42 auch dabei< (. ) irgendwas= 43 HB: =NAJA ne, eh, das ist ja ein Riesenbereich, ne, und sie hat unter 44 anderem auch 'ne Sti.. ne, ein 45 (1.5) 46 GB: Ein Stipend[ium 47 HB: [Ein ja Nee=ein Stipendium hat sie auch gehabt in englisch, 48 England, ja, aber sie hat ja auch Altgriechisch gemacht, auch ein=e[:: r 49 KH: [>Du 50 hast das [nicht, du hast das nicht verstanden Heinz< (. ) wenn sie jetzt 51 HB: [Semester damit [fertig ist (0.5) JA von wem wird sie bezahlt? (1.5) Die muß ja 52 53 54 HB: [E:: rm irgendwie Geld verdienen jetzt= 5-5 56 GB: =Ja was heißt von [wem wird sie bezahlt=[Sie muß sich was suchen 57 HB: [Im Endeffekt [im Endeffekt ist sie ja nu:: r ja 58 Nu[: r 59 GB: [Sie muß sich was suchen sie [macht das= 60 KH: l( 61 HB: =Lehrerin geworden , 62 GB: Sie macht das Privat=also [sie macht sie [bezahlt das alles jetzt 63 HB: [Ne [und jetzt 64 GB: selber 65 66 KH: Ja nein [ich meine jetzt irgendwann [wird sie ja auch 67 GB: [Ja [und wenn sie fertig ist dann muß sie 68 sich umgucken, wo bekomme ich eine Stelle als Dozentin oder als was 69 weiß ich was= 70 KH: =Ja= 71 GB: =sie machen will= 72 HB: =Hmmm= 73 GB: =Das ist also niemand und da ist auch nichts da was also schon auf sie 74 wartet, sondem sie muß sich selbst drum kümmern 75 (0.5) 76 KH: Ja::: 77 78 GB: Ne (2) Also e:: r 79 (2) so HB: Er Sie [wird 81 GB: [Da wird sie [von niemandem bezahlt sie macht jetzt 82 HB: [sie wird mit diesen Forschungen wird sie wohl auch 83 kaum ihr Geld verdienen sondern eben mit mit den Sprachen, das ist ja, 84 sie hat ja Sprachen studiert und da ist, da zählt eben alles mit, jetzt, sag 85 ich, ne? Das ist alles drinne 86 (0.5) 87 SH: Was hat sie für Sprachen studiert 88 89 HB: hhhh=e::: r (. ) Englisch:: und unter anderem Lateinisch da hat sie das 90 Große Latinum, und sie hat auch eben Altgriechisch gemacht, hat sie 91 noch irgenwas= 92 GB: =Ja aber hauptsächlich hat sie Anglistik Germanistik Also [Deutsch 93 HB: [Jaja 94 Englisch [und in Englisch und= 271
Page 1 and 2:
FACEWORK IN ENGLISH AND GERMAN SOCI
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CHAPTER 4: DOING SOCIA(B)L(E) SCIEN
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Table List of Tables 1.1 Archetypal
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Conversational Excerpts Excerpt Pag
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Acknowledgments Acknowledgements se
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The 'Research Problem' Introduction
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Taking these problematics as a star
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At the time, this proposal seemed e
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the self and its relationship to on
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activity of sociable conversation,
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including the application of the fa
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CHAPTER I FACE AND FACEWORK: CONCEP
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1.1 Foundational Texts In order to
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communicative action could be seen
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Fig. 1.1 Goffman's Model of Ritual
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distribution of his feelings, and t
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empirically difficult' phenomenon (
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etween self and other). Conversatio
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allowing in effect a speaker to cri
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as an equilibric practice, allowing
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universality, particularly in studi
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Table 1.3 Individualist (LCC) and C
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Morisaki and Gudykunst (1994) emplo
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Mao (1994) addresses this tension b
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Tannen's work (1981 a; 1981 b) perh
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1.3 Culture, Facework, Equilibrium
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facework operates on an underlying
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CHAPTER 2 ANGLO-SAXON CHALK AND TEU
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impolite. However, I soon came to r
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in potential or actual conflict sit
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salient differences. For example, G
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Watts observed that German conversa
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Finally, although Watts argued that
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elatively little overlap, and a gen
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contributions, with the former set
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fully and substantively, what was r
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oriented to unmitigated disagreemen
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2.3 Communicative Underpinnings The
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service but by more confrontational
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Finally, additional explanatory dim
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specific communicative practices, a
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Brown and Levinson (1987). Indeed,
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Notes to Chapter 2 11 use the term
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This chapter then can be regarded a
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asic irreducible sociological varia
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Fraser (1990) who, in also attempti
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particularly amenable to such a heu
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identify certain underlying dynamic
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In fact, these two opposing orienta
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at any given point in the flow of c
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orderly and meaningful conversation
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locally managed and constantly in d
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Poles of Alignment Fig. 3.6 Sociabl
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toward a clearer understanding of w
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Notes to Chapter 3 1 See also Brown
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4.1 Research Questions In the previ
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eferring to as sociable includes in
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The decision on quantity of data wa
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largely anecdotal evidence from whi
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such as laughter sequences. I also
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Table 4.3 Data: Omissions from Anal
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The obtrusiveness of my recording w
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hand, I did not want to engage in t
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German. However, these episodes asi
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presented here provides a necessary
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two chapters (Chapters 6 and 7). He
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Hand shakes for example were infreq
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eing invariably solidaric in nature
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claimed on the part of the particip
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Table 5.1 Sociable Topics Topic Cat
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in my observations of German sociab
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collective past peppered with indiv
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In the next chapter I want to explo
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CHAPTER 6 ALIGNMENT IN ACTION: NEGA
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shall not be carried forward into t
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These various symbols are intended
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Rather than
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19 EP: ' [Although I mean that [now
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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detrimental effects foreigners are
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41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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28 HB: but at the end of the day >1
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approach, I hope to further illumin
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37 KJ: I never had any day to day (
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2 bevor (. ) die Schlange nicht zeh
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ot non-ratifi cation and non-suppor
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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What happens in this particular exc
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To reiterate, positive threshold br
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41 LIP: [IN FACT THERE WAs quite a
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What happens here is that KIP proff
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17 KH: the road (1) >and if he want
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1 2 3 4 5 6 which a new set of indi
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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and English differences in conversa
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Notes to Chapter 6 1 The only insta
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study is a sociological one, and it
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performer, a player, an image, a fi
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English cultures respectively. In a
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I will shortly illustrate how each
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18 KJ: [(Graphic drawin)= 19 LM: =O
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The in-the-know self is a second sy
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documentaries to having witnessed r
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 is
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Excerpt 7.6'Up a Hill' The sociable
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RP&EP's mobilisation of an in-the-k
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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Excerpt 7.10 Was muss Mann machen?
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Often, knowledgeable selves are ali
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Page 241 and 242: of these selves at conversational w
Page 243 and 244: develop the comparative focus, one
Page 245 and 246: CHAPTER 8 ALIGNING SELVES IN THE AC
Page 247 and 248: atification and support of unique,
Page 249 and 250: Fig 8.2b The Individuated Selves (a
Page 251 and 252: Excerpt 8.1 'Cookie's Party' I LM:
Page 253 and 254: Beginning with the topic of convers
Page 255 and 256: as re-invoking selves. The category
Page 257 and 258: An interesting phenomenon which is
Page 259 and 260: An additional consequence of alignm
Page 261 and 262: Conversely, in considering the next
Page 263 and 264: 100 KP: I mean you see two or three
Page 265 and 266: however, such narrating selves are
Page 267 and 268: Running alongside these narrative s
Page 269 and 270: capabilities of KP&EP and in this w
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Page 273 and 274: 6 (0.5) 7 EP: America is booming at
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Page 277 and 278: In terms of the selves mobilised, t
Page 279: in 'Cookie's Party'- again, a secon
Page 283 and 284: is HB: =Yeah not at all but e:: rm=
Page 285 and 286: episode takes place. Rather, the ta
Page 287 and 288: The excerpt begins as HB is proffer
Page 289 and 290: What this talk demonstrates is that
Page 291 and 292: N work or'Arbeit' being an extremel
Page 293 and 294: demeaned and knowledgeable selves (
Page 295 and 296: preceding comments regarding sociab
Page 297 and 298: CHAPTER 9 CONCLUSION: THE TO AND FR
Page 299 and 300: identified in conversational behavi
Page 301 and 302: handled sociable topics, in terms o
Page 303 and 304: to bring themselves and their inter
Page 305 and 306: sociable conversation. This sociabl
Page 307 and 308: maintain the underlying equilibrium
Page 309 and 310: allowed for by the facework as alig
Page 311 and 312: somebody who is overly-friendly, ge
Page 313 and 314: Fig 9.2 A Maxim of Conversational P
Page 315 and 316: Notes to Chapter 9 1 When we are ta
Page 317 and 318: German Participants Name Age Occupa
Page 319 and 320: German Gatherings Gathering Date Se
Page 321 and 322: Brown, G., and Yule, G. (1983) Disc
Page 323 and 324: Ervin-Tripp, S., Nakamura, K, and G
Page 325 and 326: Hellweg, S A., Samovar, L A., and S
Page 327 and 328: Hu, H C. (1944) The Chinese concept
Page 329 and 330: - (1979) 'Stylistic Strategies with
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- (1994) 'Facework in Communication
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Snell-Hornby, M.. (1984) 'The Lingu
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Trubisky, P., Ting-Toomey, S., and
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