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Proceedings of the 12th European Conference on Knowledge ...

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Francesco Calza, Rossella Canestrino and Chiara Cannavale<br />

Data c<strong>on</strong>firm <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> possibility to locate <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> countries in <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> hypo<str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>sized quadrant and, that is <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> lack<br />

<str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> future orientati<strong>on</strong> and <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> lack <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> uncertainty avoidance can represent important obstacles to<br />

innovati<strong>on</strong> spreading.<br />

According to our model, effective milieux innovateurs arise when both <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> dimensi<strong>on</strong>s are at a high<br />

level. It represents <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> best soluti<strong>on</strong>: innovati<strong>on</strong> spreading is guaranteed by <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> existence <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />

innovative firms (d<strong>on</strong>ors) and follower firms str<strong>on</strong>gly learning oriented (receivers). This is <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> case <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />

Denmark, Sweden, Finland, all countries characterized by a high percentage <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> innovative firms and<br />

competitive innovati<strong>on</strong> systems. On <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> c<strong>on</strong>trary, when a low level <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> uncertainty avoidance crosses<br />

with a low level <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> future situati<strong>on</strong> innovati<strong>on</strong> spreading is very limited. This is <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> case <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> never<br />

born systems and examples <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>m can be easily found in Hungary, Turkey, Greece, Morocco, and<br />

Sou<str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>rn Italy.<br />

The model gives some highlight in understanding innovati<strong>on</strong> spreading through <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> different countries.<br />

It helps in highlighting how culture affects <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> process and to understand which kind <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> problems can<br />

arise in <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> four different situati<strong>on</strong>s. However, <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> research has still to go <strong>on</strong>. First <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> all, <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />

correlati<strong>on</strong> am<strong>on</strong>g <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> different Globe’s dimensi<strong>on</strong>s should be evaluated, in order to test if o<str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>r<br />

dimensi<strong>on</strong>s impact <strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> model. Sec<strong>on</strong>dly, given that innovati<strong>on</strong> systems can arise in particular<br />

areas and that countries not always present homogeneous characteristics, <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> model would be more<br />

useful if it could help in understanding <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> innovati<strong>on</strong> spreading opportunities existing in particular<br />

c<strong>on</strong>text, at a under-nati<strong>on</strong>al level. In order to satisfy this exigency, fur<str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>r researches will try to<br />

reproduce Globe’s dimensi<strong>on</strong>s, namely Future Orientati<strong>on</strong> and Uncertainty Avoidance, at an undernati<strong>on</strong>al<br />

level, in order to highlight <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> differences existing within a country and to verify if <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>y affect<br />

innovati<strong>on</strong> spreading. Finally, in order to analyze <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> possibility to improve innovati<strong>on</strong> spreading and<br />

to create successful innovati<strong>on</strong> systems, <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> analysis should be c<strong>on</strong>ducted according to a dynamic<br />

perspective. Highlighting <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> values, which impact <strong>on</strong> innovati<strong>on</strong> spreading could be very useful<br />

indeed. To understand this level, <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> use <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> Globe’s “should be” scores is necessary.<br />

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