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Proceedings of the 12th European Conference on Knowledge ...

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M<strong>on</strong>ique Lortie and Lise Desmarais<br />

attempt to manage <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> apprehended loss <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> knowledge. Twenty transfer experiences were<br />

documented and 200 workers were polled. Skills transfer was shown to be complex and reliant up<strong>on</strong><br />

a multitude <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> factors (e.g. noise, space, attitudes, stereotypes, work load, pedagogical skills, etc.).<br />

One interesting proposal put forward by <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> uni<strong>on</strong> was to provide for <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> meshing <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> new and more<br />

established know-how so that younger and older workers could gain a mutual appreciati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />

importance <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> exchange process.<br />

5. In c<strong>on</strong>clusi<strong>on</strong><br />

The different projects detailed herein dem<strong>on</strong>strate that knowledge is dynamic and c<strong>on</strong>tinually<br />

transforms based <strong>on</strong> how situati<strong>on</strong>s evolve. One challenge is to allow apprenticeship models<br />

developed in <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> past to be used to build for <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> future. In OHS, this could be achieved focusing <strong>on</strong><br />

users and ensuring that <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>y are part and parcel <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> generati<strong>on</strong>, disseminati<strong>on</strong> and applicati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />

knowledge. Users are <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>refore less viewed as receptors and more as partners questi<strong>on</strong>ed <strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />

utilizati<strong>on</strong> and organizati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> knowledge generated. The intent is not so much to understand<br />

obstacles – a typical focus in literature <strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> implementati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> knowledge – but to attempt to better<br />

situate <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> limits <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> knowledge developed, to better apprehend user needs and <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> manner in<br />

which <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>y appropriate both knowledge and <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> tools made available to <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>m. Thus it is less a matter<br />

<str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> identifying how to facilitate knowledge transfer and more about enhancing our understanding <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />

interacti<strong>on</strong> between scientifically generated knowledge and knowledge generated by <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> combinati<strong>on</strong><br />

<str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> users and user experiences. OHS researchers are <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> opini<strong>on</strong> that this thrust will ultimately<br />

cause knowledge to evolve and increase <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> potential for implementati<strong>on</strong>. One important point<br />

stressed by knowledge transfer community researchers relates to <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> need to enrich <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> scientific<br />

corpus <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> knowledge with user knowledge. Ano<str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>r issue raised by <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> cases summarized herein<br />

c<strong>on</strong>cerns how <strong>on</strong>e accesses this knowledge and spawns a dynamic flow <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> knowledge designed to<br />

generate acti<strong>on</strong>. Lastly, <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> different cases exposed show that <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>re is no single recipe or method.<br />

The methodological approach developped for <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> elaborati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> clinical practice guidelines, which<br />

provides for fixed rules and procedures and required that each step be documented, is seen as not<br />

well adapted to <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> OHS c<strong>on</strong>text. Ra<str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>r, we would advocate improving <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> transfer and exchange<br />

mechanisms for both researchers and <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>ir partners involved in <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> transfer experiences c<strong>on</strong>ducted.<br />

The c<strong>on</strong>cepts <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> dem<strong>on</strong>strated evidence and good practices as developed in <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> medical sciences are<br />

also <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> lesser import in OHS, partly because c<strong>on</strong>texts and situati<strong>on</strong>s evolve so quickly, and partly<br />

because evidence must <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g>ten be c<strong>on</strong>textualized prior to attempting applicati<strong>on</strong>. The best manner in<br />

which to ensure appropriate applicati<strong>on</strong> and successful transfer <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> knowledge is to gain a sound<br />

understanding <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> situati<strong>on</strong> and <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> links which exist between each <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> comp<strong>on</strong>ent factors.<br />

Acknowledgments<br />

The network isfunded by: F<strong>on</strong>ds de la recherche en santé du Québec, Institut de recherche Robert-<br />

Sauvé en santé et sécurité du travail, F<strong>on</strong>ds de recherche sur la société et la culture du Québec,<br />

F<strong>on</strong>ds québécois de la recherche sur la nature et les technologies.<br />

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