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Proceedings of the 12th European Conference on Knowledge ...

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Markus Haag and Yanqing Duan<br />

4.2 Intercorrelati<strong>on</strong>s between <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> measurement items<br />

The intercorrelati<strong>on</strong>s between <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> measurement items for Externalisati<strong>on</strong>, Combinati<strong>on</strong>, and<br />

Internalisati<strong>on</strong> (ECI items) and <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>ir respective aggregates will now be examined. Ra<str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>r than using<br />

<str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> widespread Pears<strong>on</strong>’s correlati<strong>on</strong> coefficient, Kendall’s tau (τ) was used instead. This is because<br />

<str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> distributi<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> data in this study was c<strong>on</strong>siderably n<strong>on</strong>-normal. In such a case, it is <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g>ten<br />

suggested that n<strong>on</strong>-parametric statistics should be used as <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>y do not require normality (Field 2009).<br />

In additi<strong>on</strong> to that, it has been suggested that Kendall’s tau is a better estimate <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> correlati<strong>on</strong> in<br />

<str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> populati<strong>on</strong> (Howell 2009).<br />

4.2.1 Intercorrelati<strong>on</strong>s between Externalisati<strong>on</strong> items<br />

Table 2 shows <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> interrelati<strong>on</strong>ships, i.e. <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> correlati<strong>on</strong> coefficients, between <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> items for<br />

Externalisati<strong>on</strong> and <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> aggregate value for <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> Externalisati<strong>on</strong> index. All correlati<strong>on</strong>s are positive and<br />

significant at <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> p

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